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Basics of Surgery
Study Course Description
Course Description Statuss:Approved
Course Description Version:4.00
Study Course Accepted:18.08.2022 12:33:19
| Study Course Information | |||||||||
| Course Code: | KK_037 | LQF level: | Level 7 | ||||||
| Credit Points: | 3.00 | ECTS: | 4.50 | ||||||
| Branch of Science: | Clinical Medicine; Surgery | Target Audience: | Medicine | ||||||
| Study Course Supervisor | |||||||||
| Course Supervisor: | Artūrs Ozoliņš | ||||||||
| Study Course Implementer | |||||||||
| Structural Unit: | Department of Surgery | ||||||||
| The Head of Structural Unit: | |||||||||
| Contacts: | Riga, 13 Pilsoņu Street, kk rsu[pnkts]lv, +371 67069745 | ||||||||
| Study Course Planning | |||||||||
| Full-Time - Semester No.1 | |||||||||
| Lectures (count) | 6 | Lecture Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Lectures | 12 | ||||
| Classes (count) | 6 | Class Length (academic hours) | 3 | Total Contact Hours of Classes | 18 | ||||
| Total Contact Hours | 30 | ||||||||
| Full-Time - Semester No.2 | |||||||||
| Lectures (count) | 0 | Lecture Length (academic hours) | 0 | Total Contact Hours of Lectures | 0 | ||||
| Classes (count) | 6 | Class Length (academic hours) | 3 | Total Contact Hours of Classes | 18 | ||||
| Total Contact Hours | 18 | ||||||||
| Study course description | |||||||||
| Preliminary Knowledge: | Anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, pathological physiology, pathological anatomy and microbiology. | ||||||||
| Objective: | Provide students with the opportunity to acquire basic knowledge and skills of surgery. | ||||||||
| Topic Layout (Full-Time) | |||||||||
| No. | Topic | Type of Implementation | Number | Venue | |||||
| 1 | History of surgery. Future directions. | Lectures | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 2 | Wounds. Classification. Wound healing. Basics of wound treatment. Wound primary debridement. Wound dressing principles. Wound infection. | Lectures | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 3 | Surgical infection (classification, pathogenesis, symptoms). Basics of surgical infection treatment. Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections. Sepsis (classification, signs, principles of treatment). | Lectures | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 4 | Surgical manipulations. Access to blood vessels. Access to serous cavities. Surgical operation, incisions, access to organs. Principles of drainage. | Lectures | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 5 | Bleeding; classification. Symptoms and signs of blood loss. Evaluation of clotting system. Temporary and final methods of hemostasis. | Lectures | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 6 | Basics of transfusiology. Blood transfusion procedure and documentation. Principles of modern transfusiology. Blood components descriptions and indications. Blood substitutes: principles, methods, products. Autohemotransfusion. Adverse reactions and complications in transfusiology. Massive transfusion protocol. Transfusion alternatives. Principles of blood / volume replacement therapy. | Lectures | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 7 | Wounds (classification; clean and contaminated). Wound healing, influencing factors. Particular types of wounds (gunshot, stab, bite, etc.) incidence and management. Tetanus and rabies. Basics of wound treatment. Modern wound dressing. Scars. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 8 | Scrub, gown and glove procedures. Techniques for aseptic dressing and procedures. Surgical knot tying. Surgical instruments. | Classes | 1.00 | METC | |||||
| 9 | Bacterial skin and soft tissue infections (erysipelas, panaritium, folliculitis, furuncle, carbuncle, phlegmon, hidradenitis, abscess, lymphadenitis, lymphangitis). Necrosis, gangrene, ulcers, pressure sores. Anaerobic infections. Clostridial/ nonclostridial myonecrosis. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 10 | Surgical infection (classification, pathogenesis, symptoms). Basics of surgical infection treatment. Surgical site infection (SSI), classification and incidence in different surgical fields. SIRS, MODS, sepsis. Purulent wound treatment. Principles of negative pressure treatment. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 11 | Principles of antibacterial therapy treatment in surgery. Prophylactic administration of antibiotics in surgery; antibiotics used in the most common surgical manipulations. Complications of antibacterial therapy, prophylaxis. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 12 | Investigation aspects of surgical patient. Preoperative preparation of surgical patients. Methods to prevent/ decrease surgical site infections. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 13 | Bleeding; classification. Types of internal/external bleeding. Symptoms and signs of blood loss. Diagnostic methods of bleeding. Evaluation of blood clotting system, its value in haemostasis. Temporary and final methods of haemostasis. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 14 | Local anaesthesia. Types of suture material and suturing techniques. Skin sutures. | Classes | 1.00 | METC | |||||
| 15 | Isoserology. Basics of transfusion therapy. Management of planned and emergency blood transfusions. Blood transfusion procedure and documentation. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 16 | Blood components descriptions and indications; patient monitoring. Types and advantages of autohemotransfusion. Transfusion alternatives. Blood substitutes: principles, methods, products. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 17 | Surgical operation. Surgical incisions for adequate access to organs. Abscess incision. Principles of drainage. Access to serous and purulent cavities. Thoracentesis. Laparocentesis. Urinary catheter insertion procedure. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| 18 | Postoperative period - description and management in the surgery department. ERAS principles in surgery. Nutrition in surgical patients. Early and late postoperative period and complications. | Classes | 1.00 | other | |||||
| Assessment | |||||||||
| Unaided Work: | Students independently prepare for each class using lectures and other materials from E-studies as well as recommended literature sources. | ||||||||
| Assessment Criteria: | Student receives the study course assessment if all classes are attended, including the practical classes at Medical Education Technology Centre. Course final grade is calculated from the following: - Average grade from 5th and 6th semester class tests (quizzes) (50%) - Exam grade at the end of 6th semester (50%) | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Full-Time): | Exam | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Part-Time): | |||||||||
| Learning Outcomes | |||||||||
| Knowledge: | On completion of the study course students acquire basic knowledge and understanding of: - Different kind of wounds, wound healing and treatment principles. Incidence of particular types of wounds (gunshot, stab, bite, etc.) and their management. Examination of traumatic wound patients, management, prioritisation and description. - Modern wound dressings, wound infection, possible infection transmission mechanisms in surgery department, infection reduction, prevention and management methods; - Basic knowledge of surgical, skin and soft tissue infection management. - Understanding of antibacterial treatment indications and application principles in surgery, prophylactic antibacterial treatment principles, possible antibacterial therapy complications and complication prevention. - Insights into the aspects of surgical patient examination, the meaning of the concept "pre-operative epicrisis" and patient preparation for operation. - In-depth insight into principles and manifestation of bleeding, methods and means of haemostasis, basics of isoserology and transfusion medicine. Summary about blood transfusion requirements and documentation, blood components, blood substitutes and alternatives to blood transfusions. - Basic knowledge of the principles of surgical operation, types of incisions, surgical instruments, principles of drainage and applicable medical technologies and techniques; most frequent complications of surgical operations and procedures and their prophylaxis, treatment. - Overview of the classification of postoperative period and patient monitoring, principles of surgical patient nutrition, complications of early and late postoperative period. - General information about the history of the development of surgery. | ||||||||
| Skills: | Upon completion of the study course, the student will be able to: prepare for surgical manipulations, such as hand scrub, gown and glove procedures; set out the sterile field for primary wound dressing and apply soft wound dressing; follow infection control procedures in a surgical ward; dress simple wounds and prepare a wound for treatment; apply local infiltration anaesthetics; manage suturing material in surgery, tie surgical knots, apply wound closure techniques, recommend temporary and final methods of haemostasis; determine patient blood groups and manage compatibility tests before blood transfusions and complete the appropriate transfusion documentation; examine a surgical patient; describe and evaluate local changes in tissue in surgical patients; manage basic instruments in surgery; know basic principles of access to serous and abscess cavities and give an overview of technologies used in the operating theatre. | ||||||||
| Competencies: | On completion of the study course students will be able to discover the source of the hospital infections, will be competent in assessing wounds and their healing process. Students will be able to explain most common bleeding sources, evaluate patient condition as well as advise on methods of temporary and final haemostasis. Students will be competent in principles of transfusion, surgical operation, postoperative management, principles of postoperative monitoring as well as early and late postoperative complications; will be able to distinguish between the skin and soft tissue infections and advise on treatment principles. | ||||||||
| Clinical Skills: | |||||||||
| No. | Skill | Level | |||||||
| 1 | Local infiltration anaesthesia | B1 - Basic level | |||||||
| 2 | Preparation for primary closure of the wound (arranging sterile kit/desk) | B1 - Basic level | |||||||
| 3 | Primary treatment of wounds | B1 - Basic level | |||||||
| 4 | Primary wound closure (with foreign body) | B1 - Basic level | |||||||
| 5 | Simple interrupted skin suture | B1 - Basic level | |||||||
| Bibliography | |||||||||
| No. | Reference | ||||||||
| Required Reading | |||||||||
| 1 | Ķirurģija. J. Gardovska red. 2.izd. Rīga: Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte, 2013. | ||||||||
| 2 | Townsend, C.M. 2021. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 21st ed. Elsevier. | ||||||||
| 3 | Cameron, J.L., Cameron, A.M. 2020. Current Surgical Therapy. 13th ed. Elsevier. | ||||||||
| 4 | Zollinger, R.M., Ellison, E.C. 2011. Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operations. 11th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill (akceptējams izdevums) | ||||||||
| 5 | Fisher, R.A., Ahmed, K., Dasgupta, P. 2017. Introduction to Surgery for Students. Switzerland: Springer International Publishing. | ||||||||
| 6 | Ārvalstu studentiem/For international students: | ||||||||
| 7 | Townsend, C.M. 2021. Sabiston Textbook of Surgery: The Biological Basis of Modern Surgical Practice. 21st ed. Elsevier. | ||||||||
| 8 | Cameron, J.L., Cameron, A.M. 2020. Current Surgical Therapy. 13th ed. Elsevier. | ||||||||
| 9 | Zollinger, R.M., Ellison, E.C. 2011. Zollinger's Atlas of Surgical Operations. 11th ed. New York: Mc Graw Hill. (akceptējams izdevums) | ||||||||
