Human Anatomy including Dissection Course

Study Course Description

Course Description Statuss:Approved

Course Description Version:9.00

Study Course Accepted:15.04.2024 12:23:27

Study Course Information
Course Code:		MK_063		LQF level:		Level 7
Credit Points:		10.00		ECTS:		15.00
Branch of Science:		Basic Sciences of Medicine, including Pharmacy		Target Audience:		Medicine
Study Course Supervisor
Course Supervisor:		Dzintra Kažoka
Study Course Implementer
Structural Unit:		Department of Morphology
The Head of Structural Unit:
Contacts:		Riga, 9 Kronvalda boulevard, aaiakrsu[pnkts]lv, +371 67061551
Study Course Planning
Full-Time - Semester No.1
Lectures (count)		12	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		24
Classes (count)		20	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		40
Total Contact Hours								64
Full-Time - Semester No.2
Lectures (count)		8	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		16
Classes (count)		16	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		32
Total Contact Hours								48
Full-Time - Semester No.3
Lectures (count)		8	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		16
Classes (count)		16	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		32
Total Contact Hours								48
Study course description
Preliminary Knowledge:
Biology at the level of a secondary school programme prior to the start of the study course. After the 1st and 2nd semesters of the course: anatomy topics covered according to the programme.
Objective:
To provide students with basic knowledge of the structure of the human body, organ systems and their functions according to the principle of systematic anatomy, strengthening the acquired theoretical knowledge in dissection.
Topic Layout (Full-Time)
No.	Topic			Type of Implementation		Number	Venue
1	Anatomy as a course of instruction. Historical review of teaching anatomy course in Latvia. The concept of the axes and planes of the human body. Basic principles of the structure of the human body. Importance of anatomical terminology.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
2	Spine, parts thereof, vertebrae. Sternum, ribs.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
3	Bones of the upper limb. Bones of the pelvic girdle. Bones of the free lower limb.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
4	General description of the skeletal system. Bone structure and chemical composition. Bone classification. General description of bone development and growth. Types of joints and their characteristics. Structure of synovial joints. Biomechanical and functional classification of joints.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
5	Facet joints. Rib joints with the spine and sternum. Thorax.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
6	Basic principles of skeletal development and possible anomalies. Bone segment and its characteristics. Clinical relevance of vertebral curvature and bone segment. Principles of skull development and possible anomalies. Features of the new-born skull. Skull shape variations, age-related changes and gender differences.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
7	Pectoral girdle bone joints. Bone joints of the free upper limb.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
8	Joints between the bones of the skull. Toography of the skull: temporal, infratemporal, pterygopaltine fossa, orbita, nasal cavity.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
9	Pelvic girdle bone joints, pelvis as a unit. Bone joints of the free lower limb.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
10	General description of the muscular system. Forms and classification of skeletal muscles. Basic principles of skeletal muscle structure and function. General description of body fasciae. Importance of muscles and fasciae in body movements. Dissection method in anatomy.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
11	Sphenoid bone, occipital bone, frontal bone, parietal bone.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
12	Development of skeletal muscles. Structure and weaknesses of the abdominal wall. Importance of weaknesses in the abdominal wall in clinical medicine.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
13	Ethmoid bone, temporal bone and canals. Facial bones.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
14	Diaphragma, structure, functions. Deep muscles of the back.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
15	Skull joints. Skull topography.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
16	Anatomy of a normal body posture. Wrong postures, effects thereof on the functioning of the organ systems. Description of muscle groups involved in normal posture. Morphological and functional description of the foot. Clinical significance of foot anatomy.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
17	General information on technologies and applications. Introduction to 3D printing history. Explanation of the stages in the printing process from model creation to printed object stage and post-treatment.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
18	General comparison of 3D printing technologies (e.g. FDM, DLP, SLA, etc.). Application of 3D printing in healthcare and medicine.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
19	Colloquium on bones and bone joints.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
20	A brief overview of popular 3D printers: technical specifications and security, software applications, and printing materials used. Choosing the optimal print settings and mode, print speed, frequency, temperature. Overview of basic materials.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
21	Mimic muscles, chewing muscles. Head fascia. Neck muscles. Neck topography. Anatomy and topography of neck fascia.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
22	Introduction to 3D scanning; scanners, their types and capabilities.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
23	Superficial chest and back muscles, pectoral girdle muscles.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
24	Muscles of the free upper limb, motion analysis, fasciae, synovial sheaths, and topographic features.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
25	Muscles of the pelvic girdle. Muscles of the free lower limb, motion analysis, fasciae, synovial sheaths, and topographic features.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
26	Deep muscles of the chest, diaphragm, fasciae of the chest. Deep muscles of the back, fasciae.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
27	Abdominal muscles, fasciae. Abdominal muscle weakness.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
28	Colloquium on skeletal muscles, fasciae, topographic features. Motion analysis.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
29	Introducing a real 3D printer and its software. A more detailed look at the design of FDM 3D printers. An overview of the basic functions of the Slicer software Work in groups as a competition on 3D printing and modelling issues. Demonstration of a FDM printer and examination of practical examples.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
30	Peculiarities of 3D modelling, creating a model for 3D printing, correction of errors. Software overview. Preparation of an anatomical model for printing. Work in groups as a competition on 3D printing and modelling issues. 3D modelling for 3D printing needs.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
31	Work with 3D computer models, error correction, positioning, creation of correct support structures, optimal choice of layers and print settings. Work in groups as a competition on 3D printing and modelling issues. Practical work with a computer.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
32	Basic activities in scanning and/or editing 3D human anatomical structures; scanning equipment, their capabilities, application. Presentation of 3D scanning capabilities. The end of the 1st semester of the course.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
33	Principles of the structure of the nervous system. Division of the nervous system. Development of the nervous system and its connection to sensory organs.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
34	Spinal cord. Meninges of spinal cord.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
35	Medulla oblongata, pons, cerebellum. Rhomboid fossa. The fourth ventricle of the brain.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
36	Pyramidal system. Extrapyramidal system. Limbic system. The concept of nerve tracts.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
37	Mesencephalon. Diencephalon. The third ventricle of the brain.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
38	Mesencephalon. Diencephalon. Ventriculus tertius.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
39	Meninges. Circulation of cerebrospinal fluid. Tracts.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
40	General description of respiratory and digestive system organs, principles of organ development, clinically relevant variants of development.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
41	Colloquium on the CNS.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
42	Digestive system: oral cavity, throat.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
43	General description of the urinary system, principles of organ development.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
44	Oesophagus, stomach. Small and large intestine.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
45	Liver, bile ducts. Pancreas. Spleen. Peritoneum.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
46	General description of the male and female reproductive systems, principles of organ development.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
47	Heart. External description of the heart, cavities, wall structure. Cardiac conduction system Topography of the heart.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
48	Respiratory system: nasal cavity, larynx, trachea, bronchi. Lungs. Pulmonary pleurae. Mediastinum.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
49	Urinary system: kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
50	Pelvic floor, functions, structure, fasciae, clinical importance.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
51	Male internal and external genitalia.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
52	The eye and visual pathways.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
53	Female internal and external genitalia. The perineum.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
54	The ear, auditory and balance pathways.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
55	Colloquium on internal organ systems.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
56	Organ of sight and hearing. The end of the 2nd semester of the course.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
57	General description of the circulation system. Principles of the structure of the cardiovascular system. Anatomical classification of blood vessels.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
58	Blood vessels of the small circulatory circle. The aorta, parts thereof. Ascending aorta. Heart’s blood vessels. Aortic arch, its topography, branches. Common and external carotid artery, its topography, branches and areas of blood supply.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
59	Internal carotid artery, its topography, branches and areas of blood supply.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
60	Venous systems of the human body; principles of venous blood flow. Types of vascular anastomoses and their role in circulation. Clinical description of portacaval anastomoses.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
61	Subclavian artery, its topography, branches and areas of blood supply. Arterial blood supply to head and neck organs.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
62	Upper limb arteries, their course, branches, areas of blood supply. Blood supply to upper limb bones, joints and muscles.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
63	Functions, classification and principles of structure of the lymphatic system.			Lectures		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
64	Thoracic and abdominal aortas, their topography, branches, areas of blood supply. Blood supply to the chest and abdominal organs.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
65	Common, external and internal pelvic arteries: their course, branches, areas of blood supply. Arterial blood supply to the organs of the lesser pelvis. Lower limb arteries, their course, branches, areas of blood supply. Blood supply to lower limb bones, joints and muscles.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
66	The division of the autonomic nervous system and the higher centres. Structure of the parasympathetic nervous system.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
67	Head and neck veins. Venous outflow from head and neck organs.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
68	Superior vena cava system. Thoracic cavity veins. Upper limb veins. Lower limb veins. Pelvic veins.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
69	Structure of the sympathetic nervous system. The major plexuses of the autonomic nervous system and the principles of organ innervation.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
70	Inferior vena cava system. Formation, topography, tributaries of the inferior vena cava. Portal vein and portal vein system. Venous outflow from the walls and organs of the chest, abdomen and lesser pelvis. Anastomoses of venous systems.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
71	Endocrine glands, basic principles of their development and clinical significance of anatomical structure. Structure of the mammary gland.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
72	Lymphatic system. Colloquium on blood supply to organs and blood vessels.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
73	Spinal nerves. Brachial plexus: formation, topography, branches, areas innervated.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
74	Intercostal nerves, lumbar plexus, sacral plexus: formation, topography, branches, areas innervated. Innervation of joints, skeletal muscles and skin.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
75	Main topographic formations of the upper part of the body, their contents and clinical importance.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
76	I – VII pair of brain nerves.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
77	Main topographic formations of the lower part of the body, their contents and clinical importance.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
78	VIII – XII pair of brain nerves. Innervation of organs of the head and neck.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
79	Autonomic nervous system.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
80	Colloquium on nerves and organ innervation of the spinal cord and the brain. The end of the 3rd semester of the course.			Classes		1.00	Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology
Assessment
Unaided Work:
Individual work and work in groups with study materials, textbooks, RSU e-study environment, Web resources on anatomy, 3D virtual dissection table ‘Anatomage’, licensed educational software, CDs and DVDs; 3D model preparation, printing and processing.
Assessment Criteria:
To successfully acquire the study course material and prepare for the final examination of the study course, the student performs the following activities: 1. Active participation in practical labs, pass the tests provided for in them (25%). 2. Individual work and/or group work in presentations (5%). 3. Application of the use of technique and correct preparation of material (10%). 4. 3D anatomical model printed individually and/or in groups (5%). 5. Work with study materials and literature (5%). The final assessment (mark) of the course consists of a written exam (50%). Actively participate in practical labs, pass the planned tests. Requirements: The student actively participates in all practical labs, productively participates in situation analysis discussions on the specific issue, problem, can substantiate and defend his/her opinion, uses appropriate terminology and refers to the read literature sources. Pass the planned tests successfully and on time. Individual and/or group work in presentations. Requirements: Works individually and/or in groups, asks questions, communicates with the tutor and classmates, checks and compares the result, expresses an opinion and concludes. Application of dissection technique and correct preparation of material. Requirements: The student knows, correctly uses the basic preparation technique and basic tools, works individually and/or in groups under the guidance of the tutor, correctly and qualitatively prepares the necessary material. Individually and/or in groups printed 3D anatomical model. Requirements: The student knows the basic concepts of 3D printing, techniques, safety, materials, working individually and / or in groups under the guidance of the tutor, qualitatively prepares, processes a 3D model before and after printing. Work with study materials and literature. Requirements: The student can select, use and identify certain anatomical structures in various study materials, can independently find and use the indicated literature sources. Semester test at the end of the 1st and 2nd semester and the exam at the end of the 3rd semester. Exam grade is applied only for students who have passed all the requirements and tests of the course. Exam grade is cumulative.
Final Examination (Full-Time):		Exam (Written)
Final Examination (Part-Time):
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge:		As a result of completing the study course, students will be able to: 1) formulate the human place in the system of classification of organisms, outline the basic principles of the structure of the organism; 2) describe the structure of organ systems of the human body, the position of organs, functions, regularities, blood supply and innervation; 3) define the basic concepts and terminology of anatomy in Latvian and Latin; 4) demonstrate an understanding of key concepts and regularities; 5) gain a basic understanding of 3D modelling, printing and related technologies.
Skills:		As a result of completing the study course, students will be able to: 1) explain and point to skeletal bones and their formations, joints, muscles, major blood vessels and nerves, internal organs, their parts and sensory organs on the study aids used in practical anatomy classes, using appropriate basic anatomy concepts and terms in Latvian and Latin; 2) obtain, evaluate, summarize and compare information from various literature sources and specific sources of information; 3) develop the ability to ask specific questions or find answers about the structure of the human body, developing the ability to express one’s opinion, to argue and supplement it; 4) work individually or in teams; 5) engage in a dialogue and debate; 6) use the dissection equipment; 7) prepare the material properly; 8) recognize the dissected anatomical structures; 9) distinguish the position of classical structures from variants of the norm; 10) interpret and explain the obtained results, formulate conclusions and introduce the obtained results (in writing, orally); 11) prepare a 3D model for printing and print it.
Competencies:		Students will know, identify and describe various anatomical structures of the human body in relation to systems, location and planes; demonstrate an understanding of the anatomical terminology and primary functions of the major systems of the human body; will improve their competitiveness in the 3D-related labour market.
Bibliography
No.	Reference
Required Reading
1	Ārvalstu studentiem/For international students:
2	Schulte, M. et al. 2016. Head, Neck, and Neuroanatomy (THIEME Atlas of Anatomy), Latin Nomenclature. Thieme.
3	Netter, F. 2019. Atlas of human anatomy. Netter basic science. 7th ed. Elsevier.
4	Suri, J., Tsioukas, V., and Papadopoulos, V. 2021. 3D Printing. Philadelphia : Elsevier.
5	Waschke, J. and Paulsen, F. 2011. Sobotta Atlas of Anatomy, Vol. 1, 16th ed. English/Latin: General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System. Urban & Fischer. (akceptējams izdevums)
6	Bērziņa, A. et al. 2004. Centrālā nervu sistēma, perifērā nervu sistēma un angioloģija : metodiskās rekomendācijas MF I un II kursa studentiem. 2. izdevums. Rīga : AML/RSU. (viens no mācību pamatmateriāliem; tikai latviešu plūsmas studijām)
7	Rūmanss, G., Kažoka, D. un Pilmane, M. 2019. Klīniskā anatomija medicīnas studentiem. Rīga : Rīgas Stradiņa universitāte. (tikai latviešu plūsmas studijām)
8	Žagare, R. et al. 2010. Sirds un iekšējo orgānu sistēmas : metodiskās rekomendācijas anatomijā Medicīnas fakultātes I un II kursa studentiem. 2. pārstrādāts izdevums. Rīga : RSU. (viens no mācību pamatmateriāliem; tikai latviešu plūsmas studijām)
9	Žagare, R. et al. 2009. Cilvēka kaulu un muskuļu sistēma : metodiskās rekomendācijas Medicīnas fakultātes un Rehabilitācijas fakultātes studentiem. Rīga : RSU. (viens no mācību pamatmateriāliem; tikai latviešu plūsmas studijām)
10	Gilroy, A. et al. 2017. Atlas of Anatomy. Latin 4th New edition. Thieme Medical Publishers Inc.
11	Hombach-Klonisch, S., Klonisch, T. and Peeler, J. 2019. Sobotta clinical atlas of human anatomy. Urban & Fischer.
12	Horvath, J. 2020. Mastering 3D Printing : A guide to modeling, printing, and prototyping. 2nd ed. Berkeley, CA : Apress.
13	Netter, F. 2019. Atlas of human anatomy. Netter basic science. 7th ed. Elsevier.
14	Paulsen, F. and Waschke, J. 2011. Sobotta Atlas of Anatomy, Vol. 2, 16th ed. English/Latin: Internal Organs. Urban & Fischer. (akceptējams izdevums)
15	Pilmane, M., Pļaviņa, L. and Kavak, V. 2016. Embryology and anatomy for health sciences. Rīga : Rīga Stradiņš University.
16	Schuenke, M. et al. 2014. General Anatomy and Musculoskeletal System (THIEME Atlas of Anatomy). 2nd New edition, Thieme Medical Publishers Inc.
17	Schuenke, M. et al. 2016. Internal Organs (THIEME Atlas of Anatomy). 2nd New edition, Thieme Medical Publishers Inc.
18	Schulte, M. et al. 2016. Head, Neck, and Neuroanatomy (THIEME Atlas of Anatomy), Latin Nomenclature. Thieme.
19	Suri, J., Tsioukas, V., and Papadopoulos, V. 2021. 3D Printing. Philadelphia : Elsevier.
Additional Reading
1	Agur, M.R. and Dalley, A.F. II. 2005. Grant`s Atlas of Anatomy. 15th, International edition. Wolters Kluwer Health.
2	Andr, J. 2017. From Additive Manufacturing to 3D/4D Printing 3. Newark : John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated.
3	Bernasconi, R. 2022. 3D Printing Technologies. Mdpi AG.
4	Bitonti, F. 2019. 3D printing design : Additive manufacturing and the materials revolution. London ; New York : Bloomsbury Visual Arts.
5	Dalley, A.F., Moore, K.L. and Agur, A.M.R. 2022. Moore's Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Wolters Kluwer Health.
6	Detton, A.J. 2020. Grant`s Dissector. 17th, International edition. Wolters Kluwer Health.
7	Drake, R., Mitchell, A.W.M. and Vogl, A.W. 2020. Gray's Anatomy for Students: With Student Consult Online Access, 4th edition. Elsevier - Health Sciences Division.
8	Hansen, J. 2023. Netter's Clinical Anatomy (Netter Basic Science). Philadelphia : Elsevier.
9	Kahle, W. and Frotscher, M. 2010. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, vol. 3. Nervous System and Sensory Organs. 7th revised edition. Thieme Publishing Group.
10	Fritsch M. 2014. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, vol. 2. Internal Organs. 6th revised edition. Thieme Publishing Group.
11	Olinger, A.B. 2015. Human Gross Anatomy. Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
12	Platzer, W. 2009. Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, vol. 1. Locomotor System. 7th revised edition. Thieme Publishing Group.
13	Rybicki, F.J. and Grant, G.T. 2017. 3D Printing in Medicine: A Practical Guide for Medical Professionals. 1st ed. Springer International Publishing AG.
14	Standring, S., Wiseman, S. and Brennan, P. 2019. Gray's surgical anatomy. Elsevier.
15	Wineski, L. 2019. Snell's Clinical anatomy by regions. 10th ed. Philadelphia : Wolters Kluwer.
Other Information Sources
1	RSU e-studies, web resources, licensed study programs, CD and DVD.
2	3D Virtual dissection table "Anatomage"
3	https://www.prusa3d.com
4	https://www.sketchfab.com
5	https://www.thingiverse.com
6	https://www.ultimaker.com