Pathology

Study Course Description

Course Description Statuss:Approved

Course Description Version:3.00

Study Course Accepted:17.01.2022 10:13:53

Study Course Information
Course Code:		PAK_044		LQF level:		Level 7
Credit Points:		10.00		ECTS:		15.00
Branch of Science:		Clinical Medicine; Pathology		Target Audience:		Medicine
Study Course Supervisor
Course Supervisor:		Ilze Štrumfa
Study Course Implementer
Structural Unit:		Department of Pathology
The Head of Structural Unit:
Contacts:		9A Kuldigas Street, Riga, LV-1007, Latvija; pakrsu[pnkts]lv; phone +371 67815096
Study Course Planning
Full-Time - Semester No.1
Lectures (count)		4	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		8
Classes (count)		36	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		72
Total Contact Hours								80
Full-Time - Semester No.2
Lectures (count)		4	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		8
Classes (count)		36	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		72
Total Contact Hours								80
Study course description
Preliminary Knowledge:
Cell biology, anatomy, histology, genetics, normal physiology and biochemistry. For the acquisition of integrated knowledge, it is recommended to study the course concomitantly with the introduction to clinical courses, such as diagnosis in internal medicine and general surgery.
Objective:
1. To ensure the studies in human pathology, covering morphological and functional aspects of general pathological processes and pathogenesis of different diseases. Thus, the course serves as a theoretical basis for further acquisition of clinical courses, developing comprehensively educated doctors. The programme in pathology should provide an integrated understanding of the morphological and functional components of disease pathogenesis. 2. To provide a practical overview of pathology as a diagnostic branch of medicine at a level appropriate to the needs of a general practitioner.
Topic Layout (Full-Time)
No.	Topic			Type of Implementation		Number	Venue
1	Introduction into pathology. The concept of disease process, aetiology and pathogenesis			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
5	Inflammation: the basics and morphological manifestations.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
9	Basic characteristics of tumours.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
13	Atherosclerosis.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
15	Disease as a process. Definitions and terminology.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
16	Cell damage.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
17	Compensatory adaptation processes.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
18	Peripheral circulatory disorders.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
19	Hypoxia.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
20	Colloquium.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
21	Nature and manifestations of acute inflammation.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
22	Nature and manifestations of chronic inflammation.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
23	Systemic and laboratory manifestations of inflammation. Mediators of inflammation.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
24	Fever. Disturbances of thermoregulation.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
25	Colloquium.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
26	Basic characteristics of tumours.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
27	The spread of malignant tumours around the body. Insights into the TNM classification.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
28	Breast pathology.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
29	Tumours of the soft tissue. Melanocytic tumours.			Classes		2.00	auditorium
30	Renal and urogenital tumours.			Classes		2.00	auditorium
31	Colloquium.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
32	Hypohydration. Hyperhydration.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
33	Disturbances of acid-base balance.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
34	Diffuse renal diseases.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
35	Turbointerstitial, cystic and vascular kidney diseases. Urolithiasis.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
36	Acute kidney failure. Disturbances of electrolyte balance.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
37	Chronic renal disease. Causes of chronic renal disease.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
38	Colloquium.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
39	Cardiovascular diseases: atherosclerosis.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
40	Cardiovascular diseases: inflammation. Insights into cardiomyopathy.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
41	Cardiovascular diseases: heart valve diseases, their causes and haemodynamic effects.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
42	Acute and chronic heart failure.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
43	Oesophageal and gastric pathology.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
44	Pathology of large intestine.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
46	Liver pathology.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
48	Jaundice/ hyperbilirubinaemia: pathological mechanisms and types.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
56	Inflammation and dysfunction of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
57	Gastric and oesophageal tumours.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
58	Inflammatory diseases and functional disorders of the large intestine. Diarrhoea, vomiting and the association of these conditions with dehydration. Malabsorption.			Classes		2.00	auditorium
59	Benign and malignant tumours of the large intestine.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
60	Diffuse liver diseases.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
61	Focal liver lesions. Tumours: clinically relevant manifestations of pathogenesis.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
62	Diseases of gall bladder and bile ducts.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
63	Diseases of pancreas.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
64	Cirrhosis of the liver. Liver failure. Jaundice and its differential diagnosis.			Classes		2.00	auditorium
65	Colloquium.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
66	Non-oncological lung diseases. The role of inflammation in the pathogenesis of clinically relevant conditions.			Classes		2.00	auditorium
67	Tuberculosis.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
68	Lung tumours. Pleural pathology.			Classes		2.00	auditorium
69	Respiratory pathological physiology.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
70	Colloquium.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
71	Pathology of red blood cells.			Classes		2.00	auditorium
72	Non-neoplastic pathology of white blood cells.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
73	Platelet disorders.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
74	Coagulation disorders. Thrombosis, thromboembolism, pulmonary embolism (PE).			Classes		1.00	auditorium
75	Haematological tumours and their differential diagnosis.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
76	Colloquium.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
77	Reproductive pathology I.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
78	Reproductive pathology II: Impaired fertility. Pathology of pregnancy.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
79	Endocrine pathology I: thyroid and parathyroid gland diseases.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
80	Endocrine pathology II: diseases of the pituitary and adrenal glands.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
81	Diabetes mellitus; its early and late complications.			Classes		2.00	auditorium
82	Colloquium.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
83	Focal pathological processes in bones: fractures and their healing, inflammation and tumours.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
84	Bone pathology: diffuse bone diseases.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
85	Disturbances of calcium turnover.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
86	Autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis of selected clinical entities.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
87	Vascular pathology of the central nervous system (CNS). The role of atherosclerosis in the pathogenesis of clinically relevant diseases.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
88	Inflammatory and degenerative diseases of the CNS. Tumours of the CNS.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
89	Colloquium.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
90	Acute kidney failure and chronic kidney disease: pathogenetic link between processes in kidneys and other organs. Diagnosis master class as part of a pathology course.			Classes		2.00	auditorium
Assessment
Unaided Work:
During the studies the student must acquire the study materials of the Department of Pathology corresponding to the thematic plan.
Assessment Criteria:
Knowledge is assessed by regular multiple-choice tests and colloquia during the studies, as well as by the examination at the end of the course. The skills are assessed by clinical exercises (including 2 image analysis) in regular classes, colloquia (consisting of 100 theoretical questions and interpretation of laboratory examinations) and a written examination at the end of the study course, consisting of 150 theoretical questions and 4 image analysis, clinical tasks or interpretation tasks of laboratory examinations). The argumentation in the colloquia and exam show students’ competence in applying the obtained knowledge in order to explain and analyse clinical situations, to predict the outcome and/or complications.
Final Examination (Full-Time):		Exam (Written)
Final Examination (Part-Time):
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge:		Upon successful completion of the study course, the student will be able to explain the nature, causes and risk factors of various diseases and general pathological processes, pathogenesis and its reflection in clinical processes, laboratory and imaging diagnosis, potential complications, consequences and outcomes. General pathological processes to be learned include general aspects of inflammation and wound healing, fever, peripheral circulatory disorders, hypoxia, tumour development, cell damage and compensatory adaptation, fluid, electrolyte and acid-based imbalance and stress response. Special pathology part includes acquisition of pathogenesis of the cardiovascular, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal, liver and bile duct, pancreas, bone, central nervous system, gynecological and reproductive, breast, hematological and endocrine diseases as basis for further clinical studies.
Skills:		The student will be able to reasonably assess the pathogenesis of common diseases, to relate them to clinical manifestations and diagnostic bases of the diseases, and to take practical steps to organise tissue and / or laboratory examinations required by GP or a specialist, interpret and critically analyze their results.
Competencies:		The competences in pathogenesis of different diseases will allow to interpret clinical situations in regard to the underlying morphological and functional events, to predict the outcomes and complications. The theoretical understanding of the disease will become the basis for developing evidence-based clinical competence.
Bibliography
No.	Reference
Required Reading
1	RSU MF Patoloģijas katedras lekciju un nodarbību e-materiāli patoloģijā // Original study materials, prepared by the teachers' team of the Department of Pathology, RSU. The materials are available in the e-studies
Additional Reading
1	Robbins and Cotran. Pathologic Basis of Disease. 8th ed. Kumar, V., Abbas, A. K., Fausto, N., Aster, J. (eds). Elsevier, 2021.
2	Robbins. Basic Pathology. 7th ed. Kumar, V., Cotran, R. S., Robbins, S. L. (eds). Saunders, Philadelphia, 2018, 873 lpp.
3	Pathophysiology: the Biologic basis for Disease in Adults and Children. 5th ed. Ar CD-ROM. McCance, K. L., Huether, S. E. (eds). Elsevier Mosby, USA, 1780 lpp. 2019
4	Rosai and Ackerman's. Surgical Pathology. 2 sējumu komplekts ar CD-ROM, 3000 lpp., Mosby, 2018.
5	Sternberg's Diagnostic Surgical Pathology. 5th ed. Mills, S. E, Carter, D., Greenson, J. K, Reuter, V. E., Stoler, M. H. (eds). 3104 lpp, Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2015.