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Pathology
Study Course Description
Course Description Statuss:Approved
Course Description Version:6.00
Study Course Accepted:11.03.2024 08:14:03
| Study Course Information | |||||||||
| Course Code: | PAK_045 | LQF level: | Level 7 | ||||||
| Credit Points: | 5.00 | ECTS: | 7.50 | ||||||
| Branch of Science: | Clinical Medicine; Pathology | Target Audience: | Dentistry | ||||||
| Study Course Supervisor | |||||||||
| Course Supervisor: | Māris Sperga | ||||||||
| Study Course Implementer | |||||||||
| Structural Unit: | Department of Pathology | ||||||||
| The Head of Structural Unit: | |||||||||
| Contacts: | 9A Kuldigas Street, Riga, LV-1007, Latvija; pak rsu[pnkts]lv; phone +371 67815096 | ||||||||
| Study Course Planning | |||||||||
| Full-Time - Semester No.1 | |||||||||
| Lectures (count) | 0 | Lecture Length (academic hours) | 0 | Total Contact Hours of Lectures | 0 | ||||
| Classes (count) | 16 | Class Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Classes | 32 | ||||
| Total Contact Hours | 32 | ||||||||
| Full-Time - Semester No.2 | |||||||||
| Lectures (count) | 0 | Lecture Length (academic hours) | 0 | Total Contact Hours of Lectures | 0 | ||||
| Classes (count) | 24 | Class Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Classes | 48 | ||||
| Total Contact Hours | 48 | ||||||||
| Study course description | |||||||||
| Preliminary Knowledge: | Cell biology, anatomy, histology, genetics, normal physiology, biochemistry. | ||||||||
| Objective: | 1. To provide studies in pathology, covering the morphological and functional manifestations of diseases and pathogenesis thereof. This aspect of the programme must provide the theoretical basis for the completion of clinical studies, making a comprehensively educated dentist with an understanding of dental pathological processes and those of oral cavity and the entire organism and their interrelationships. The pathology programme is integrated to create and develop for the student a unified understanding of the morphological and functional components of the pathogenesis of dental, oral and systemic diseases. 2. To provide a practical overview of pathology as a diagnostic branch of medicine at a level appropriate to the professional needs of a dentist. | ||||||||
| Topic Layout (Full-Time) | |||||||||
| No. | Topic | Type of Implementation | Number | Venue | |||||
| 1 | Disease – definitions and terms. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 2 | Cell damage: manifestations and pathogenesis. Compensatory adaptation processes: hypertrophy, atrophy, hyperplasia, metaplasia. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 3 | Peripheral blood circulation disorders: oedema, thrombosis, embolism, infarction. The concept of hypoxia. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 4 | The nature of acute inflammation; local, systemic and laboratory manifestations. Fever. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 5 | The nature and manifestations of chronic inflammation. Wound healing. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 6 | Colloquium. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 7 | Basic properties of tumours. Insights into the World Health Organisation’s classification of tumours. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 8 | Spread of malignant tumours in the body. Basics of TNM classification of tumours. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 9 | Breast pathology. Breast cancer as a tumour prototype in medicine. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 10 | Melanocytic and soft tissue tumours. Pigmented lesions and depigmentation of the oral cavity and perioral area. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 13 | Insight into renal pathology: the concept of glomerular, tubulointerstitial, cystic and vascular renal diseases. Kidney stone disease. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 14 | Acute renal failure and chronic kidney disease: insights into causes and consequences. Diagnostic tests to assess kidney function. Manifestations of kidney failure in the oral cavity and bones. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 15 | Heart and circulatory diseases I: atherosclerosis and the organ damage caused by it. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 16 | Heart and circulatory diseases II: inflammations. Insight into cardiomyopathies and heart valve disorders. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 17 | Acute and chronic heart and circulatory failure. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 18 | Colloquium. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 19 | Inflammation and functional disorders of the oesophagus, stomach and duodenum; their impact on dental and oral health. Vomiting. Oesophageal and gastric tumours. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 20 | Inflammatory bowel diseases and functional disorders; their impact on dental and oral health. Diarrhoea. Colon cancer. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 21 | Pathology of the salivary glands and oral cavity: inflammation, cysts and tumours. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 22 | Diffuse liver diseases. Focal liver damage. Diagnostic tests to assess liver function. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 23 | Liver failure. Liver cirrhosis. Jaundice. Impact of liver pathologies on dental and oral health. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 24 | Gallbladder, bile duct and pancreatic diseases. Causes, pathogenesis and consequences of malabsorption. Impact of malabsorption on dental and oral health. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 25 | Inflammation of the lungs. Obstructive and restrictive lung diseases. Lung tumours. Pleural pathology. The connection between oral health and lung disease. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 26 | Colloquium. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 27 | Erythrocyte pathology: anaemias and the concept of polycythemia. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 28 | Leukocyte reactions. The concept of sepsis and septic shock. Platelet pathology. Coagulation disorders. Diagnostic tests to assess coagulation. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 29 | Haematological tumours and differential diagnosis thereof. Causes of cervical lymphadenopathy. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 30 | Reproductive pathology I: diseases of the female genital organs. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 31 | Reproductive pathology II: fertility disorders. Pathology of pregnancy. Impact of pregnancy on dental health. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 32 | Endocrine pathology: thyroid and parathyroid diseases; impact thereof on dental and oral health. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 33 | Endocrine pathology: diseases of the pituitary and adrenal glands; impact thereof on dental health. The concept of stress response. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 34 | Diabetes mellitus and complications thereof. Impact of diabetes mellitus on dental and oral health. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 35 | Colloquium. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 36 | Insight into central nervous system (CNS) pathology: vascular, inflammatory, degenerative and neoplastic CNS diseases. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 37 | Insight into autoimmune diseases: pathogenesis of nosological entities. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 38 | Diffuse bone diseases. Calcium and vitamin D metabolism disorders. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 39 | Focal bone pathologies: fractures and healing, inflammation, tumours. Insight into joint diseases. Pathologies of the jaw bones: inflammations, cysts and tumours. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 40 | Red and white lesions of the oral cavity. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 41 | Ulcerative and papillary lesions of the oral cavity. Examinations of surgical and biopsy material in dentistry. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 42 | Colloquium. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| Assessment | |||||||||
| Unaided Work: | During studies, the student must learn from the electronic methodical e-study materials by the Department of Pathology corresponding to the thematic plan. To ensure full growth during the classes, the student needs to read and think over the study material of the planned topic before the class. To develop a logical understanding of the subject matter covered, students are encouraged to actively participate in discussions on theoretical aspects of the topic, multiple-choice tests, clinical tasks and image analysis exercises. | ||||||||
| Assessment Criteria: | Examination of the study course: During the study course, lecturers test knowledge using short test works (multiple-choice test or other short form of test as per lecturer’s instruction). During the academic year of studies, according to the thematic planning of the classes, students take written colloquia in pathology, which consist of theoretical questions in the format of a multiple-choice test and clinical tasks, objectively structured imaging elements or laboratory test interpretation tasks. At the end of the study course, students take a written exam, consisting of theoretical questions in the format of a multiple-choice test and clinical tasks, objectively structured imaging elements or laboratory test interpretation tasks. In accordance with the RSU Academic Regulations (approved at the RSU Senate meeting of 21 April 2020; minutes No.2-1/4/2020), Paragraph 2.16, the final mark of the study course consists of the cumulative assessment (50%) and real knowledge obtained by the student (50%) in accordance with the result of the final course examination. The assessment of all test works, incl. in percentage and with grades, takes place in accordance with the current version of the Academic Regulations I of Rīga Stradiņš University. In order to pass the semester: 1) according to the RSU Academic Regulations (“3.8. Attendance of classes and taking interim examinations in compulsory (part A), restricted elective (part B) and elective (part C) study courses is compulsory”), attendance of all classes is compulsory; 2) the student must pass all class tests and colloquia according to the threshold set in the RSU Academic Regulations “4.3. The student is successful in case of an assessment of “almost satisfactory” (4 points) or higher. With the assessment of “almost average” (4 points), the achievement of learning outcomes in the amount of 55% is assessed”. Missed classes and failed tests can be made up / taken repeatedly at the time and in the manner determined by the Department of Pathology, if the number of absences does not exceed 50% of the total number of planned classes in the respective semester. Taking into account the intensity of the course, making up for the missed classes and failed tests in full is not possible and is therefore not allowed if the total number of absences from classes reaches or exceeds 50% of the total number of planned classes in the respective semester. The mentioned requirement complies with the RSU Academic Regulations (“3.16. The scope of learning outcomes can be determined in the study course description, without the acquisition of which further participation in the study course is not possible”) and has been approved by the resolution of the meeting of the Department of Pathology on 27.08.2019, minutes No. 24-26-3/04/2019. | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Full-Time): | Exam (Written) | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Part-Time): | |||||||||
| Learning Outcomes | |||||||||
| Knowledge: | As a result of completing the study course, the student will know and be able to reasonably explain the nature, causes and risk factors of various diseases and general pathological processes, pathogenesis and expression thereof in clinical processes, laboratory and imaging examinations, possible complications and consequences, outcomes. General pathological processes to be learned include general aspects of inflammation and wound healing, fever, peripheral circulatory disorders, hypoxia, cell damage and compensatory adaptive responses, tumour development. In the special pathology section, students study the pathogenesis of cardiovascular, lung, kidney, gastrointestinal, liver and biliary tract, salivary gland, pancreatic, bone, central nervous system, gynaecological and reproductive, mammary gland, haematological and endocrine pathologies, oral and dental diseases as a basis for further clinical studies, understanding the pathogenesis of clinical symptoms and laboratory changes. | ||||||||
| Skills: | The student will be able to reasonably evaluate the pathogenesis of the most common diseases, relate it to the clinical manifestations and diagnostic basis of the diseases, as well as take practical steps to organise the tissue and/or laboratory examinations required in the specialist practice, interpret and critically analyse results thereof in relation to the overall picture of the disease. | ||||||||
| Competencies: | The acquired competences cover the pathogenesis of diseases of various organs and organ systems, develop an understanding of the pathological processes occurring in the body as a basis for clinical manifestations and serve as a basis for further clinical studies for the acquisition and understanding of clinical competences, but also contribute to the development of a competence base for scientific research. By completing PAK_045 course, the student acquires and develops competences in professional information processing and analysis, logical and critical thinking. | ||||||||
| Bibliography | |||||||||
| No. | Reference | ||||||||
| Required Reading | |||||||||
| 1 | RSU MF Patoloģijas katedras elektroniskie metodiskie studiju materiāli patoloģijā, kas pieejami e-studijās // Original study materials, prepared by the teachers' team of the Department of Pathology, RSU. The materials are available in the e-studies | ||||||||
| 2 | Robbins and Cotran Pathological Basis of Disease. 8th ed. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster J. Elsevier, 2021. | ||||||||
| 3 | Ārvalstu studentiem/For international students | ||||||||
| 4 | Robbins and Cotran Pathological Basis of Disease. 8th ed. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Fausto N, Aster J. Elsevier, 2021. | ||||||||
| Additional Reading | |||||||||
| 1 | Robbins Basic Pathology. 7th ed. Kumar V, Cotran RS, Robbins SL. Saunders, Philadelphia, 2018, 873 lpp. | ||||||||
| 2 | Robbins and Cotran Pathological Basis of Disease. 9th ed. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster JC. Elsevier, 2021. 1408 lpp. | ||||||||
| 3 | Robbins Basic Pathology. 10th ed. Kumar V, Abbas AK, Aster J. Elsevier, 2018, 952 lpp. | ||||||||
