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Central Asia - Domestic Dynamics and Neighbourhood Conundrum
Study Course Description
Course Description Statuss:Approved
Course Description Version:5.00
Study Course Accepted:19.02.2024 12:35:11
| Study Course Information | |||||||||
| Course Code: | PZK_184 | LQF level: | Level 7 | ||||||
| Credit Points: | 5.00 | ECTS: | 7.50 | ||||||
| Branch of Science: | Politics | Target Audience: | Political Science | ||||||
| Study Course Supervisor | |||||||||
| Course Supervisor: | Māris Andžāns | ||||||||
| Study Course Implementer | |||||||||
| Structural Unit: | Faculty of Social Sciences | ||||||||
| The Head of Structural Unit: | |||||||||
| Contacts: | Dzirciema street 16, Rīga, szf rsu[pnkts]lv | ||||||||
| Study Course Planning | |||||||||
| Full-Time - Semester No.1 | |||||||||
| Lectures (count) | 10 | Lecture Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Lectures | 20 | ||||
| Classes (count) | 10 | Class Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Classes | 20 | ||||
| Total Contact Hours | 40 | ||||||||
| Part-Time - Semester No.1 | |||||||||
| Lectures (count) | 7 | Lecture Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Lectures | 14 | ||||
| Classes (count) | 7 | Class Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Classes | 14 | ||||
| Total Contact Hours | 28 | ||||||||
| Study course description | |||||||||
| Preliminary Knowledge: | General knowledge of geopolitics and geostrategy; international relations and security architecture; the role of the United States, Russia, and China in global politics. | ||||||||
| Objective: | Provide critical knowledge about the intertwined nature of the Central Asia internal characteristics, regional agenda, and cross-sectoral cooperation with non-regional players, particularly Russia, China, the EU, and the U.S. Blended approach will help better grasp how the combination of these factors contribute to international (dis)order, particularly in Eurasia. | ||||||||
| Topic Layout (Full-Time) | |||||||||
| No. | Topic | Type of Implementation | Number | Venue | |||||
| 1 | Central Asia’s political landscape | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 2 | Central Asia: Regional complexity | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 3 | Multi-speed Central Asia: Integration and cooperation dilemma? | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 4 | Mapping security challenges in Central Asia | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 5 | International and regional organisations and Central Asia: Efficiency dilemma | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 6 | Central Asia and the EU: Finding a better approach? | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 7 | American strategy towards Central Asia: Why it matters? | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 8 | Russian interests in Central Asia: On the edge of no one’s seat? | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 9 | Chinese influence across Central Asia: Beyond BRI | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 10 | Central Asia in 2050: Development opportunities for resilient societies | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 11 | What is Central Asia, and what it is not? Case study, group projects, literature discussion | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 12 | Mapping transborder conflicts across Central Asia: From water-energy nexus to identity seeking. Literature discussion. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 13 | Obstacles to Central Asian integration and contours for future cooperation. Literature discussion. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 14 | Security dilemma in Central Asia. Case study, discussion. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 15 | How do Central Asian countries utilise regional and international institutions? Group projects. Discussion. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 16 | European Neighborhood Policy for Central Asia: barriers to deeper engagement. Literature discussion | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 17 | American public diplomacy in Central Asia: a challenge or an opportunity? Literature discussion. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 18 | Why Russia matters to Central Asians. Literature discussion | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 19 | The pitfalls of the growing Chinese presence in Central Asia. Case study, literature discussion | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 20 | Central Asia: scenarios for 2050 | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| Topic Layout (Part-Time) | |||||||||
| No. | Topic | Type of Implementation | Number | Venue | |||||
| 1 | Central Asia’s political landscape | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 2 | Central Asia: Regional complexity | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 3 | Multi-speed Central Asia: Integration and cooperation dilemma? | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 4 | Mapping security challenges in Central Asia | Lectures | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 5 | International and regional organisations and Central Asia: Efficiency dilemma | Lectures | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 6 | Central Asia and the EU: Finding a better approach? | Lectures | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 7 | American strategy towards Central Asia: Why it matters? | Lectures | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 8 | Russian interests in Central Asia: On the edge of no one’s seat? | Lectures | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 9 | Chinese influence across Central Asia: Beyond BRI | Lectures | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 10 | Central Asia in 2050: Development opportunities for resilient societies | Lectures | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 11 | What is Central Asia, and what it is not? Case study, group projects, literature discussion | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 12 | Mapping transborder conflicts across Central Asia: From water-energy nexus to identity seeking. Literature discussion. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 13 | Obstacles to Central Asian integration and contours for future cooperation. Literature discussion. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 14 | Security dilemma in Central Asia. Case study, discussion. | Classes | 1.00 | auditorium | |||||
| 15 | How do Central Asian countries utilise regional and international institutions? Group projects. Discussion. | Classes | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 16 | European Neighborhood Policy for Central Asia: barriers to deeper engagement. Literature discussion | Classes | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 17 | American public diplomacy in Central Asia: a challenge or an opportunity? Literature discussion. | Classes | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 18 | Why Russia matters to Central Asians. Literature discussion | Classes | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 19 | The pitfalls of the growing Chinese presence in Central Asia. Case study, literature discussion | Classes | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| 20 | Central Asia: scenarios for 2050 | Classes | 0.50 | auditorium | |||||
| Assessment | |||||||||
| Unaided Work: | Students carry out in-depth research of the topic, read mandatory and literature, write an essay. | ||||||||
| Assessment Criteria: | Attendance – 10% Activity and preparedness during seminars – 25% Group projects – 25% Final essay (exam) – 40% | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Full-Time): | Exam (Written) | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Part-Time): | Exam (Written) | ||||||||
| Learning Outcomes | |||||||||
| Knowledge: | Using in-depth knowledge of Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan, both on their domestic and foreign policy processes and the involvement of external powers in the region, in particular the role of Russia and the People's Republic of China, students will describe the impact of specific players on internal and external dynamics of these countries. Students will also analyze current domestic political events in the context of Latvia's co-operation with Central Asian countries, considering Latvia's activity in this direction in the 2000s. | ||||||||
| Skills: | While working with various types of information, students will select appropriate sources, distinguishing between secondary and primary, as well as subjective and objective materials, critically evaluating the reliability of information, also considering the impact of national political system on official information. Working individually, students will develop not only analytical skills, but also time planning and work prioritization skills. Working under the guidance of foreign lecturers, students will develop skills to work in an international team and in an intercultural environment. When developing individual and group works, students will in person and in writing identify, compare and evaluate alternative arguments and opinions, formulate, explain and argue their views on a Central Asian domestic or foreign policy problem. | ||||||||
| Competencies: | Students will develop a report based on interdisciplinary scientific literature, analyzing the domestic and foreign policy issues of Central Asia. Students will appreciate the interdisciplinary nature of complex problems and combine research results and methods from different fields in analyzing complex problems. After completing the course, students will understand the impact of the interaction of various events on the current situation in a region where cooperation is left to competition and conflict. Through this course, students will be able to participate in an Erasmus + exchange program at the Kyrgyz National University in Bishkek. | ||||||||
| Bibliography | |||||||||
| No. | Reference | ||||||||
| Required Reading | |||||||||
| 1 | Laruelle, Marlene. "Discussing Neopatrimonialism and Patronal Presidentialism in the Central Asian Context." Demokratizatsiya 20, no. 4 (2012): 301-324. | ||||||||
| 2 | Cooley, Alexander and John Heathershaw. Dictators Without Borders: Power and Money in Central Asia. Yale University Press, 2017. | ||||||||
| 3 | Matveeva, Anna. "Legitimising Central Asian Authoritarianism: Political Manipulation and Symbolic Power." Europe-Asia Studies: Politics of the Spectacular: Symbolism and Power in Central Asia 61, no. 7 (2009): 1095-121. | ||||||||
| 4 | Laruelle, Marlene. "Central Asia’s Globalized Despots." Journal of Democracy 28, no. 3 (2017): 173-76. | ||||||||
| 5 | Anderson, John. Kyrgyzstan: Central Asia's Island of Democracy? Postcommunist States and Nations. London: Routledge, 2007. | ||||||||
| 6 | Slate, Aura Carmen. "Water geopolitics in Central Asia. Case Study – Future Implications of Rogun Hydropower Plant." Europolis, Journal Of Political Science And Theory 8, no. 1 (15) (2014): 51-73. | ||||||||
| 7 | Baizakova, Zhulduz. "Border Issues in Central Asia: Current Conflicts, Controversies and Compromises." Revista UNISCI, no. 45 (2017): Revista UNISCI, Oct 2017, Issue 45. | ||||||||
| 8 | Korostelina, Karina. "Introduction: Conflicts in Central Asia." Communist and Post-Communist Studies 40, no. 2 (2007): 123-27. | ||||||||
| 9 | Siegfried, Tobias, Thomas Bernauer, Renaud Guiennet, Scott Sellars, Andrew Robertson, W. Mankin, Justin Bauer-Gottwein, and Peter Yakovlev. "Will Climate Change Exacerbate Water Stress in Central Asia?" Climatic Change 112, no. 3-4 (2012): 881-99. | ||||||||
| 10 | Bichsel, C. "It's about More Water. Natural Resource Conflicts in Central Asia." 2009. | ||||||||
| 11 | Aminjonov, Farkhod. Limitations of the Central Asian Energy Security Policy. Centre for International Governance Innovation, 2016. | ||||||||
| 12 | Tolipov, Farkhod. "Geopolitical Stipulation of Central Asian Integration." Strategic Analysis 34, no. 1 (2010): 104-13. | ||||||||
| 13 | Burçin Yereli, Ahmet, Mustafa Kızıltan, and Emre Atsan. "Analysis of Central Asia economic integration projects from the viewpoint of convergence hypothesis." Socioeconomica 4, no. 8 (2015): 253-76. | ||||||||
| 14 | Azizov, Ulugbek. "Regional Integration in Central Asia: From Knowing-that to Knowing-how." Journal of Eurasian Studies 8, no. 2 (2017): 123-35. | ||||||||
| 15 | Krapohl, S., Vasileva-Dienes, A. The region that isn't: China, Russia and the failure of regional integration in Central Asia. Asia Eur J 18, 347–366 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-019-00548-0 | ||||||||
| 16 | Pourchot, Georgeta, and Yannis A Stivachtis. "International Society and Regional Integration in Central Asia." Journal of Eurasian Studies 5, no. 1 (2014): 68-76. | ||||||||
| 17 | Wang, Weiran. "The Effects of Regional Integration in Central Asia." Emerging Markets, Finance & Trade 50 (2014): 219. | ||||||||
| 18 | Lemon, Edward. "Critical Approaches to Security in Central Asia: An Introduction." Central Asian Survey: Critical Approaches to Security in Central Asia 37, no. 1 (2018): 1-12. | ||||||||
| 19 | Omelicheva, Mariya Y. Counterterrorism Policies in Central Asia. Central Asian Studies. Hoboken: Taylor & Francis, 2010. | ||||||||
| 20 | Lain, Sarah. "Strategies for countering terrorism and extremism in Central Asia." Asian Affairs 47, no. 3 (2016): 386-405. | ||||||||
| 21 | Olcott, Martha B., and Natalia Udalova. "Drug Trafficking Central Asia - Carnegie Endowment for International Peace." Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. March 2000. Accessed August 2, 2020. | ||||||||
| 22 | Frigerio, Alessandro, and Nargis Kassenova. "Central Asia: Contemporary Security Challenges and Sources of State Resilience." Security and Human Rights 24, no. 2 (2013): 123-35. | ||||||||
| 23 | Laruelle, Marlene and Sebastien Peyrouse. “Regional Organisations in Central Asia: Patterns of Interaction, Dilemmas of Efficiency.” University of Central Asia. Working Paper No 10, 2012. Available from: https://www.ucentralasia.org/Content/Downloads/UCA-IPPA-WP-… | ||||||||
| 24 | Gleason, Gregory. "Inter-State Cooperation in Central Asia from the CIS to the Shanghai Forum." Europe-Asia Studies 53, no. 7 (2001): 1077-095. | ||||||||
| 25 | Dunay, Pál. "The OSCEs of Central Asia." Central Asian Survey: The Helsinki Final Act Four Decades On: Critical Reflections on the OSCE in Eurasia 36, no. 3 (2017): 300-12. | ||||||||
| 26 | "The OSCE in Central Asia: A New Strategy." Crisis Group. October 10, 2016. Accessed August 15, 2020. Available from: https://www.crisisgroup.org/europe-central-asia/central-asi…. | ||||||||
| 27 | George, Bruce. "NATO, OSCE, and Regional Security Issues in Central Asia and the Caucasus." Perceptions 2 (1998): 135-42. | ||||||||
| 28 | Kassenova, Nargis. "The New EU Strategy towards Central Asia: A View from the Region." CEPS Policy Briefs, no. 1-12 (2008): 1-8. | ||||||||
| 29 | Gross, Eva. Recalibrating EU-Central Asia Relations. Brief (European Union Institute for Security Studies), 16, June 2015. Paris]: [EUISS], 2015. | ||||||||
| 30 | Arynov, Zhanibek. "Changing Perceptions of the European Union in Central Asia", L'Europe en Formation, 2018/1, No385: 61-73. Available from: https://www.cairn.info/journal-l-europe-en-formation-2018-1…. | ||||||||
| 31 | Gussarova, Anna and Māris Andžāns, eds., Policy Paper No. 1. Political and security relations. Mapping EU-Central Asian relations. Available from: https://www.seneca-eu.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/SEnECA…. | ||||||||
| 32 | Gussarova, Anna and Māris Andžāns, eds., Policy Paper No. 4. Economic relations and trade. Mapping EU-Central Asia relations (2018). Available from: http://www.seneca-eu.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/SEnECA_…. | ||||||||
| 33 | Gussarova, Anna and Māris Andžāns, “Policy Paper No. 7: Cultural and other relations – Mapping EU-Central Asia relations. Strengthening and Energizing EU-Central Asia Relations, September 2018. Available from: https://www.seneca-eu.net/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/SEnECA… | ||||||||
| 34 | “United States Strategy for Central Asia 2019-2025: Advancing Sovereignty and Economic Prosperity.” U.S. Department of State. Bureau for South and Central Asia Affairs. February 5, 2020. Available from: https://www.state.gov/united-states-strategy-for-central-as…. | ||||||||
| 35 | Kangas, R., and National Defense Univ Washington DC Inst FOR National Strategic Studies. Battling Misperceptions: Challenges to U.S. Security Cooperation in Central Asia | ||||||||
| 36 | Cooley, Alexander. "U.S. Bases and Democratization in Central Asia." Orbis 52, no. 1 (2008): 65-90. | ||||||||
| 37 | Oliker, Olga, Shlapak, David A, Project Air Force, and Rand Corporation. U.S. Interests in Central Asia: Policy Priorities and Military Roles. Rand Note ; MG-338. Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2005. | ||||||||
| 38 | Malashenko, A. V., and Soly, Jocelyn. The Fight for Influence : Russia in Central Asia. 2013. | ||||||||
| 39 | Ziegler, Charles. "Russia in Central Asia: The Dynamics of Great-Power Politics in a Volatile Region." Asian Perspective 38, no. 4 (2014): 589. | ||||||||
| 40 | Lang, Józef, and Nicu Popescu. Central Asia, the View from Russia. Alert (European Union Institute for Security Studies), 1, January 2015. Paris]: [ISS], 2015. | ||||||||
| 41 | Gussarova, Anna. “Russian soft power in Kazakhstan (and Central Asia): Taking for granted?” Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. 2017. Almaty. Available from: https://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kasachstan/14108.pdf | ||||||||
| 42 | Assanbayev, Mukhit. "Central Asia: Under Pressure from Russia and Its Integration Projects." The Polish Quarterly of International Affairs 24, no. 1 (2015): 123-IV. | ||||||||
| 43 | Górecki, Wojciech. "Ever Further from Moscow. Russia’s Stance on Central Asia." OSW Im. Marka Karpia. April 2014. Accessed August 2, 2020. Available from: https://www.osw.waw.pl/sites/default/files/prace_48_ever_fu…. | ||||||||
| 44 | Kassenova, Nargis. "China's Silk Road and Kazakhstan's Bright Path: Linking Dreams of Prosperity." Asia Policy 24, no. 1 (2017): 110-16. | ||||||||
| 45 | “China’s Belt and Road Initiative and its Impact in Central Asia.” Edit. By Marlene Laruelle. George Washington University, 2017. Available from: https://centralasiaprogram.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/O…. | ||||||||
| 46 | Pantucci, Raffaello. Central Asia, the View from China. Alert (European Union Institute for Security Studies), 3, January 2015. Paris]: [ISS], 2015. | ||||||||
| 47 | Breitmaier, Martin. China’s Rise and Central Asia’s Security. Alert (European Union Institute for Security Studies), 21, June 2016. Paris]: [ISS], 2016. | ||||||||
| 48 | Xu Tao. "New Challenges Currently Confronted by Regional Security in Central Asia: Some Reflections on Security Cooperation between China and Central Asian Countries." 和平与发展, no. 2 (2014): 135-42. | ||||||||
| 49 | Pál, Nyíri. "The Chinese Question in Central Asia: Domestic Order, Social Change and the Chinese Factor." The China Journal, no. 72 (2014): 191-93. | ||||||||
| 50 | Rumer, Boris Z. Central Asia A Gathering Storm? Florence: Taylor and Francis, 2015. | ||||||||
| 51 | Pannier, Bruce. “The Four Big Issues Central Asia Faced In 2019 (And They're Not Going Away).” Rferl. January 2, 2020. Available from: https://www.rferl.org/a/central-asia-2019-challenges-securi… | ||||||||
| 52 | “Central Asia 2050: Unleashing the Region's Potential.” Edited by Rajag M. Nag, Johannes F. Linn and Harinder S. Kohli. 2016. Available from: http://www.centennial-group.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/…. | ||||||||
| 53 | “Central Asia and Afghanistan: Towards a Better World in 2040.” edit. By Anna Gussarova, CAISS. Friedrich Ebert Stiftung. 2016. Available from: http://library.fes.de/pdf-files/bueros/kasachstan/13545.pdf. | ||||||||
| 54 | Adams, Laura L, and Assel Rustemova. "Mass Spectacle and Styles of Governmentality in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan." Europe-Asia Studies: Politics of the Spectacular: Symbolism and Power in Central Asia 61, no. 7 (2009): 1249-276. | ||||||||
| 55 | Gleason, Gregory. "Corruption, Decolonization and Development in Central Asia." European Journal on Criminal Policy and Research 3, no. 2 (1995): 38-47. | ||||||||
| 56 | Heathershaw, John, and Alexander Cooley. "Offshore Central Asia: An Introduction." Central Asian Survey: Offshore Central Asia 34, no. 1 (2015): 1-10. | ||||||||
| 57 | Cooley, Alexander, and J.C Sharman. "Blurring the Line between Licit and Illicit: Transnational Corruption Networks in Central Asia and beyond." Central Asian Survey: Offshore Central Asia 34, no. 1 (2015): 11-28. | ||||||||
| 58 | Khamza, Sharifzoda. "Climate Change: An Omitted Security Threat in Central Asia." – The Diplomat. July 22, 2019. Accessed August 7, 2020. Available from: https://thediplomat.com/2019/07/climate-change-an-omitted-s… | ||||||||
| 59 | S S Zhiltsov. "Politics of Central Asia: Water and Energy Aspect." RUDN Journal of Political Science, no. 3 (2016): 7-18. | ||||||||
| 60 | Duan, Weili, Yaning Chen, Shan Zou, and Daniel Nover. "Managing the Water-climate- Food Nexus for Sustainable Development in Turkmenistan." Journal of Cleaner Production 220 (2019): 212-24. | ||||||||
| 61 | Lea Melnikovová, Bohumil Havrland, and Radim Valenčík. "Rogun – Hydropower Generating Controversy in Central Asia." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 62, no. 6 (2014): 1353-361. | ||||||||
| 62 | Chen, Yaning, Li, Zhi, Fang, Gonghuan, and Li, Weihong. "Large Hydrological Processes Changes in the Transboundary Rivers of Central Asia." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 123, no. 10 (2018): 5059-069. | ||||||||
| 63 | Pak, Mariya, Kai Wegerich, and Jusipbek Kazbekov. "Re-examining Conflict and Cooperation in Central Asia: A Case Study from the Isfara River, Ferghana Valley." International Journal of Water Resources Development 30, no. 2 (2014): 230-45. | ||||||||
| 64 | Gussarova A.Y. (2017) US Policy in Central Asia: Water-Energy Nexus Priorities. In: Zhiltsov S., Zonn I., Kostianoy A., Semenov A. (eds) Water Resources in Central Asia: International Context. The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry, vol 85. Springer, Cham. Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/698_2017_182 | ||||||||
| 65 | Krapohl, S., Vasileva-Dienes, A. The region that isn't: China, Russia and the failure of regional integration in Central Asia. Asia Eur J 18, 347–366 (2020). Available from: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10308-019-00548-0. | ||||||||
| 66 | Johannes F. Linn. “Central Asian Regional Integration and Cooperation: Reality or Mirage?” Brookings. EDB Eurasian Integration Yearbook 2012. Available from: https://www.brookings.edu/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/10-reg…. | ||||||||
| 67 | Zogg, Benno. “Central Asian States: Is Intra-Regional Integration Possible?” ISPI, October 3, 2019. Available from: https://www.ispionline.it/en/pubblicazione/central-asian-st…. | ||||||||
| 68 | Rakhimov, Mirzokhid. "Internal and External Dynamics of Regional Cooperation in Central Asia." Journal of Eurasian Studies 1, no. 2 (2010): 95-101. doi:10.1016/j.euras.2010.04.002. | ||||||||
| 69 | McGlinchey, Eric. Chaos, Violence, Dynasty Politics and Islam in Central Asia. Central Eurasia in Context. Pittsburgh PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2011. | ||||||||
| 70 | Chernykh, Irina, and Rustam Burnashev. "Conditions for Securitization of International Terrorism in Central Asia." Connections: The Quarterly Journal 04, no. 1 (2005): 131-42. | ||||||||
| 71 | “The Prisoner’s Dilemma” in Central Asia and the Afghanistan Factor. Cabar.asia, 2016. Available from: http://cabar.asia/en/the-prisoner-s-dilemma-in-central-asia…. | ||||||||
| 72 | Lemon, Edward. "Central Asia Brings Foreign Fighters' Families Home, but What Next?" OpenDemocracy. June 26, 2019. Accessed July 13, 2020. Available from: https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/odr/returnees-central-asia/. | ||||||||
| 73 | Lemon, Edward. "Kennan Cable No. 38: Talking Up Terrorism in Central Asia." Wilson Center. December 2018. Accessed August 13, 2020. Available from: https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/kennan-cable-no-38…. | ||||||||
| 74 | Lynch, Thomas, Michael Bouffard, Kelsey King, and Graham Vickowski. "The Return of Foreign Fighters to Central Asia: Implications for U.S. Counterrorism Policy." INSS Strategic Perspectives, no. 21 (2016): 0_5-33. | ||||||||
| 75 | Gussarova, Anna and Maris Andzans. “Policy Paper No. 14: The 2019 EU Strategy on Central Asia: SEnECA recommendations for implementation; Part I,” Strengthening and Energizing EU-Central Asia Relations, September 2019. Available from: https://www.seneca-eu.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/SEnECA… | ||||||||
| 76 | Gussarova, Anna and Maris Andzans. “Policy Paper No. 15: The 2019 EU Strategy on Central Asia: SEnECA recommendations for implementation; Part II,” Strengthening and Energizing EU-Central Asia Relations, September 2019. Available from: https://www.seneca-eu.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/SEnECA… | ||||||||
| 77 | Rumer, Boris, Richard Sokolsky, and Paul Stronski, “U.S. Policy Toward Central Asia 3.0.” January 25, 2016. Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. Available from: https://carnegieendowment.org/2016/01/25/u.s.-policy-toward…. | ||||||||
| 78 | Cutchins, Andrew C. “A Vision for Shared Prosperity in Central Asia.” CSIS. April 14, 2015. Available from: https://www.csis.org/analysis/vision-shared-prosperity-cent…. | ||||||||
| 79 | Leonard, Peter. “Perspectives | US strategy for Central Asia: An old recipe for a new situation.” Eurasianet, February 6, 2020. Available from: https://eurasianet.org/perspectives-us-strategy-for-central…. | ||||||||
| 80 | Dubnov, Arkady. “Reflecting on a Quarter Century of Russia’s Relations With Central Asia.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace. April 19, 2018. Available from: https://carnegieendowment.org/2018/04/19/reflecting-on-quar…. | ||||||||
| 81 | Malashenko, A. V., and Soly, Jocelyn. The Fight for Influence : Russia in Central Asia. 2013. | ||||||||
| 82 | Freiré, Maria Raquel. "Russian policy in Central Asia: supporting, balancing, coercing, or imposing?" Asian Perspective 33, no. 2 (2009): 125-49. | ||||||||
| 83 | Tolipov, Farkhod. "Strategic Implications of the War in Ukraine for the Post-Soviet Space: A View from Central Asia." Connections : The Quarterly Journal 14, no. 4 (2015): 11-20. | ||||||||
| 84 | Pantucci, Raffaello. “China’s Complicated Relationship With Central Asia.” The Global Observatory. November 8, 2019. Available from: https://theglobalobservatory.org/2019/11/chinas-complicated… | ||||||||
| 85 | Scobell, Andrew, Ely Ratner, and Michael Beckley. “China's Strategy Toward South and Central Asia: An Empty Fortress.” Santa Monica, CA: RAND Corporation, 2014. Available from: https://www.rand.org/pubs/research_reports/RR525.html. | ||||||||
| 86 | Umarov, Temur. “China Looms Large in Central Asia.” Carnegie Moscow Center. Available from: https://carnegie.ru/commentary/81402. | ||||||||
| 87 | Yan, Yau Tsz. “China taking Big Brother to Central Asia.” Eurasianet. September 6, 2019. Available from: https://eurasianet.org/china-taking-big-brother-to-central-…. | ||||||||
| 88 | Jardine, Bradley. “China’s Surveillance State Has Eyes on Central Asia.” Foreign Policy. November 15, 2019. Available from: https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/11/15/huawei-xinjiang-kazakh…. | ||||||||
| 89 | Nurgozhayeva, Roza. “How Is China’s Belt and Road Changing Central Asia?” The Diplomat, July 9, 2020. Available from: https://thediplomat.com/2020/07/how-is-chinas-belt-and-road…. | ||||||||
| 90 | Sukhankin, Sergey. “The Security Component of the BRI in Central Asia, Part One: Chinese and Regional Perspectives on Security in Central Asia.” Jamestown Foundation. China Brief, No 20:12. Available from: https://jamestown.org/program/the-security-component-of-the…. | ||||||||
| Additional Reading | |||||||||
| 1 | Cooley, Alexander. Great Games, Local Rules the New Great Power Contest in Central Asia. New York ; Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012. | ||||||||
| 2 | Heathershaw, John, Catherine Owen, and Alexander Cooley. "Centred Discourse, Decentred Practice: The Relational Production of Russian and Chinese 'rising' Power in Central Asia." Third World Quarterly: Special Issue: Rising Powers and State Transformation. Guest Editors: Shahar Hameiri, Lee Jones and John Heathershaw 40, no. 8 (2019): 1440-458. | ||||||||
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