The role of human herpesvirus-6 infection and alcohol abuse in the development of neuroinflammation

Alcohol consumption causes a high risk of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Chronic alcohol use alters multiple organs, and the central nervous system (CNS) is particularly vulnerable to alcohol-induced changes. Although it is known that alcohol has vasoactive properties, previous studies have not investigated the relationship between the altered integrity of the blood-brain barrier essential for the spread of lymphotropic viral infections. Also, the origin of neuroinflammation in alcohol addicts is not quite clear. After the primary infection, neurotropic human herpesvirus-6 (HHV-6) can establish an asymptomatic persistence, however, it is also associated with a wide spectrum of CNS diseases. Despite the current knowledge, neither the most affected brain areas nor the role of the brain environment in HHV-6 infection-induced neurological disorders is fully clarified. In our previous studies, we have demonstrated alterations in the human olfactory pathways associated with HHV-6 infection in the case of encephalopathy. A better chance to acquire data on the distribution of HHV-6 may be obtained by using modern molecular virology and morphology technologies.