.
Medical Microbiology and Immunology
Study Course Description
Course Description Statuss:Approved
Course Description Version:9.00
Study Course Accepted:25.04.2024 11:05:21
| Study Course Information | |||||||||
| Course Code: | BUMK_066 | LQF level: | Level 7 | ||||||
| Credit Points: | 4.00 | ECTS: | 6.00 | ||||||
| Branch of Science: | Clinical Medicine; Microbiology and Virology | Target Audience: | Medicine | ||||||
| Study Course Supervisor | |||||||||
| Course Supervisor: | Juta Kroiča | ||||||||
| Study Course Implementer | |||||||||
| Structural Unit: | Department of Biology and Microbiology | ||||||||
| The Head of Structural Unit: | |||||||||
| Contacts: | Riga, 16 Dzirciema Street, bmk rsu[pnkts]lv, +371 67061584 | ||||||||
| Study Course Planning | |||||||||
| Full-Time - Semester No.1 | |||||||||
| Lectures (count) | 20 | Lecture Length (academic hours) | 2 | Total Contact Hours of Lectures | 40 | ||||
| Classes (count) | 8 | Class Length (academic hours) | 3 | Total Contact Hours of Classes | 24 | ||||
| Total Contact Hours | 64 | ||||||||
| Study course description | |||||||||
| Preliminary Knowledge: | Molecular and Cellular Biology, Anatomy, Histology, Genetics, Biochemistry and Human Physiology. | ||||||||
| Objective: | Provide knowledge about the structure and properties, metabolism, pathogenicity factors of bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites, their role in the origin of infectious diseases. Provide information about the microbiome and its role in pathology. Provide knowledge about cultivation of aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, isolation of pure culture and methods of identification. Provide information about groups of antibiotics, their mechanisms of antibacterial activity, mechanisms of antibacterial resistance, tests used for evaluation of antibacterial susceptibility. Introduce students with methods of disinfection and sterilisation and their role in prevention of hospital acquired infections. Impart knowledge about the innate immunity, its mechanisms. Provide knowledge about the adaptive immune system, cells of the immune system, cytokines, cell activation, types and mechanisms of immune response. The role of humoral and cellular immune response in bacterial and viral infections, classes of immunoglobulins and their role in immune response. Provide knowledge about immune pathology, hypersensitivity reactions and their mechanisms. Impart knowledge about immunisation, vaccines, their mechanisms of action. Impart knowledge about serodiagnostic reactions, immune sera, molecular diagnostic methods, mechanisms. | ||||||||
| Topic Layout (Full-Time) | |||||||||
| No. | Topic | Type of Implementation | Number | Venue | |||||
| 1 | Introduction to medical microbiology. Groups of micro-organisms, taxonomy, classification. The structure of the bacterial cell- the cell wall, capsule, endospores and sporulation, flagella, pili. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| 2 | Organisation of work in a microbiology laboratory. Preparation of microscopic samples. Simple staining methods. Gram's method of staining. Microscopy of basic bacterial forms. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| Classes | 1.00 | laboratory | |||||||
| 3 | Atypical bacteria, their role in pathology. Fungi-yeasts, moulds, their morphology and properties. Viruses, structure, replication, properties.The causative agents of parasitic infections, their morphology, properties and classification. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| 4 | Bacterial metabolism. Bacterial growth and multiplication. Regulation of metabolic pathways. Bacterial colonies, formation of biofilms | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| 5 | Cultivation techniques of bacteria. Growth factors. Culture media. Cultivation of anaerobic bacteria, methods. Techniques for isolation of pure bacterial cultures. Techniques for identification of pathogenic bacteria. Nature of bacterial growth on culture media. Detection of biochemical properties of bacteria. Serodetection techniques. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| Classes | 1.00 | laboratory | |||||||
| 6 | Human microbiota and microbiota of the environment. Microbiome, it role in pathology. Evaluation of skin and oral microbiota. Evaluation of air and water microbiota. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| Classes | 1.00 | laboratory | |||||||
| 7 | Antibiotics. Mechanisms of action of antibiotics. Resistance to antimicrobial drugs. Mechanisms of resistance. Methods for determining the susceptibility of micro-organisms to antibiotics. Sterilisation, sterilisation methods. Disinfection, disinfection methods. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| Classes | 1.00 | laboratory | |||||||
| 8 | Summary of principles of medical microbiology and assessment. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| 9 | Types of interaction between micro-organisms and macro-organisms. Bacterial virulence factors, their role in infection. Description of the infection process. Transmission of infection. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| 10 | Innate immunity – general and cellular factors – phagocytosis, inflammation. TLR receptors, their role and mechanisms of action. Humoral factors of the innate immunity – complement system, pathways of activation, their role in activation of the adaptive immunity. Serologic reactions. | Lectures | 2.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| Classes | 1.00 | laboratory | |||||||
| 11 | Antigens, types, classification and properties. Structure of antigens. MHC – class I and class II antigens, characterisation, properties and the role in activation of the immune response. Antibodies, characteristics, properties and functions. Primary and secondary structure of antibodies. Immunoglobulins, their classes and their role in immune response. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| 12 | Principles of serodiagnosis. Types of serological responses. Diagnosticums. Immune sera. Agglutination reactions. Precipitation reactions. Reactions with labelled Ag and Av (Immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic reactions). Polymerase and ligase chain reactions. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| Classes | 1.00 | laboratory | |||||||
| 13 | T lymphocytes, their histogenesis, characteristics and properties. Tly subpopulations and their role in the adaptive immunity. T lymphocyte activation. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| 14 | Antigen presenting cells – B lymphocytes, macrophages, their differentiation and role in the immune response. B lymphocyte activation and antibody production. Primary and secondary humoral immune response. Cytokines. Reactions with labelled Ag and Av (Immunofluorescence, immunoenzymatic reactions). Polymerase and ligase chain reactions. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| Classes | 1.00 | laboratory | |||||||
| 15 | Cellular immune response, its mechanism. NK cells. Antiviral immune response. The role of antitoxic, antifungal and anticapsular immune response in the pathogenesis of various infectious diseases.Mechanisms of action and outcomes. | Lectures | 2.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| 16 | Hypersensitivity, characteristics, types of reactions and their mechanisms of action. Allergens, their characteristics and classification. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| 17 | Normal immune response, immune pathology, deficiency. Practical application of immune response in immunisation, principles of immune prevention, mechanisms. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| Classes | 1.00 | laboratory | |||||||
| 18 | Summary of principles of medical immunology and serology. Theory and practical skills and assessment. | Lectures | 1.00 | E-Studies platform | |||||
| Assessment | |||||||||
| Unaided Work: | Within the framework of the study course, students shall prepare a total of 4 presentations to be presented during practical classes in accordance with the topics of the study course. Two presentations shall be prepared on topics in general microbiology and two in immunology. Students may use resources available on e-studies, including study materials, videos on practical tasks and skills, materials regarding the immune response and video lectures on specific topics. In order to evaluate the quality of the study course as a whole, the student must fill out the study course evaluation questionnaire on the Student Portal. | ||||||||
| Assessment Criteria: | • Regular attendance of demo lectures and practical classes, and active participation in practical classes. • Completion of individual assignments. • Obtaining passing grades in colloquiua aimed at assessing theoretical knowledge and practical skills in medical microbiology and immunology. • Receiving a passing grade on regular tests throughout the semester. • A cumulative grade is granted on the basis of the aforementioned criteria. Grades obtained during the study course will count towards the cumulative grade with specific weight allocated to each grade: average grade of colloquiua will have a weight of 60%, grades for regular tests - 20%, and the grade for independent work - 20%. The cumulative grade will then be multiplied by a coefficient determined by attendance of demo lectures and practical classes. • A cumulative grade is considered as the final grade, if it amounts to a minimum of 4. • Students are permitted to decline their cumulative grade. In such cases, students shall take a final exam. It is a written exam consisting of theoretical questions, clinical cases and questions regarding the topics of practical classes. | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Full-Time): | Exam (Written) | ||||||||
| Final Examination (Part-Time): | |||||||||
| Learning Outcomes | |||||||||
| Knowledge: | On completion of the study course, students will be able to describe the characteristic features of bacteria, viruses and fungi, their morphology, pathogenicity factors and their role in the origin of infectious diseases and interaction with the host, the role of the microbiota of the human body and microbiota of the environment. Students will acquire knowledge of groups of antibiotics, their mechanisms of action and mechanisms of antibacterial resistance. Students will acquire information about the protective mechanisms of the human body, the types of the immune response and their role, immunisation and immunisation mechanisms, immune pathology and hypersensitivity reactions. | ||||||||
| Skills: | Upon successful completion of the course, students will be able to: • collect, transport and bacteriologically examine patients' specimens; • isolate pure culture and identify causative agents, evaluate their susceptibility to antibiotics; • use bacteriological, serological and molecular diagnostic methods. | ||||||||
| Competencies: | Upon combining theoretical knowledge and practical skills, students will be able to understand the significance of viruses, bacteria and fungi as causative agents of diseases and to relate them to the mechanisms of pathogenicity and interaction with the host, as well as immune response mechanisms and their role in case of infectious diseases. | ||||||||
| Bibliography | |||||||||
| No. | Reference | ||||||||
| Required Reading | |||||||||
| 1 | Metodiskās rekomendācijas praktiskajām nodarbībām „Infekcija un imunitāte”. Rīga, RSU, 2022. (E-studijās) / Study material 'Infection and Immunity', Riga, RSU, 2022 (E-studies). | ||||||||
| 2 | Metodiskās rekomendācijas praktiskajām nodarbībām „Vispārīgā mikrobioloģija”. Rīga, RSU, 2022. (E- studijās) / Study material 'General Microbiology', Riga, RSU, 2022 (E-studies). | ||||||||
| 3 | Riedel, S. et al. (eds.). Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology. 28th ed. McGraw Hil, 2019. Access Medicine. | ||||||||
| 4 | Murray, P. R., Rosenthal, K. S., Pfaller, M. A. Medical Microbiology. 9th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier, 2021. Clinical Key. | ||||||||
| 5 | Abbas, A.K., Lichtman, A.H., Pillai, S. Cellular and Molecular Immunology. 10th ed. Philadelphia: Saunders/Elsevier, 2021. Clinical Key | ||||||||
| Additional Reading | |||||||||
| 1 | Klīniskā medicīna. 3. grāmata. Medicīnas apgāds. Prof. A.Lejnieka red. 2012. | ||||||||
| 2 | Žileviča, A. Medicīnas mikrobioloģija. 1.daļa. Vispārīgā mikrobioloģija un infekcijas imunoloģija. LU Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2014. | ||||||||
| Other Information Sources | |||||||||
| 1 | Datu bāze "Access Medicine" | ||||||||
| 2 | Datu bāze "ClinicalKey" | ||||||||
| 3 | Datu bāze "Pubmed" | ||||||||
| 4 | Medscape | ||||||||
