Basics of Sport Biomechanics

Study Course Description

Course Description Statuss:Approved

Course Description Version:6.00

Study Course Accepted:01.11.2024 09:28:07

Study Course Information
Course Code:		LSPA_052		LQF level:		Level 6
Credit Points:		2.00		ECTS:		3.00
Branch of Science:		Sports Science		Target Audience:		Sports Trainer
Study Course Supervisor
Course Supervisor:		Guna Semjonova
Study Course Implementer
Structural Unit:		Latvian Academy of Sport Education (LASE)
The Head of Structural Unit:
Contacts:		LSPA, Brīvības gatve 333, Riga, LV-1006
Study Course Planning
Full-Time - Semester No.1
Lectures (count)		10	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		20
Classes (count)		20	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		40
Total Contact Hours								60
Part-Time - Semester No.1
Lectures (count)		2	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		4
Classes (count)		1	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		2
Total Contact Hours								6
Part-Time - Semester No.2
Lectures (count)		2	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		4
Classes (count)		5	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		10
Total Contact Hours								14
Study course description
Preliminary Knowledge:
Foundations of mechanics in the scope of the school curriculum; basic knowledge of anatomy and physiology; sports training theory, experience in sport.
Objective:
The purpose of the study course is to provide students with competence regarding human health, the importance of physical activity and sport in promoting and strengthening health: - structure and functions of the human musculoskeletal system, mechanical and biological foundations of movement, motion kinematics, dynamics and energy, - biomechanical aspects of improving physical characteristics and movement control.
Topic Layout (Full-Time)
No.	Topic			Type of Implementation		Number	Venue
1	Introduction to sports biomechanics			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
2	Kinematics of human movements			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
3	Dynamics of human movements			Lectures		3.00	auditorium
4	Mechanical work, power and energy in human movements			Classes		1.00	other
5	Biomechanical aspects of the control of motor actions			Lectures		2.00	auditorium
6	Biomechanical aspects of technical and tactical skills of performance of motor actions			Lectures		2.00	auditorium
7	Differential biomechanics			Classes		2.00	auditorium
8	Biomechanics of physical characteristics			Classes		1.00	auditorium
9	Biomechanical description of strength			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
				Classes		1.00	auditorium
10	Causes and prevention of injuries during a strength training. Biomechanics of traumatism			Classes		2.00	auditorium
11	Biomechanical description of speed characteristics			Classes		0.50	other
12	Biomechanical description of endurance			Classes		1.50	auditorium
13	Biomechanical description of flexibility			Classes		0.50	auditorium
14	Non-locomotor movements. Balance			Classes		0.50	auditorium
15	Biodynamics of static and dynamic posture			Classes		0.50	auditorium
16	Biomechanical foundations of locomotion			Classes		0.50	auditorium
17	Biomechanics of walking and running. Bioenergy of motion			Classes		2.00	auditorium
18	Walking, running and human health			Classes		1.50	auditorium
19	Biomechanics of water sports			Classes		0.50	auditorium
20	Biomechanics of winter sports			Classes		0.50	auditorium
21	Biomechanics of jumps			Classes		0.50	auditorium
22	Biomechanics of locomotor movements			Classes		1.50	auditorium
23	Biomechanics of rotational movements			Classes		0.50	auditorium
24	Manual actions. Arm and hand biomechanics			Classes		0.50	auditorium
25	Biomechanics of lower limbs. Actions with legs			Classes		0.50	auditorium
26	Biomechanics of “sitting” posture			Classes		0.50	auditorium
27	Biomechanics of “standing“ (vertical) posture			Classes		0.50	auditorium
Topic Layout (Part-Time)
No.	Topic			Type of Implementation		Number	Venue
1	Introduction to sports biomechanics			Lectures		0.50	auditorium
2	Kinematics of human movements			Lectures		0.50	auditorium
3	Dynamics of human movements			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
4	Mechanical work, power and energy in human movements			Classes		0.50	other
5	Biomechanical aspects of the control of motor actions			Classes		0.25	other
6	Biomechanical aspects of technical and tactical skills of performance of motor actions			Classes		0.25	auditorium
7	Differential biomechanics			Lectures		0.25	auditorium
8	Biomechanics of physical characteristics			Lectures		0.25	auditorium
9	Biomechanical description of strength			Lectures		0.50	auditorium
				Classes		0.50	auditorium
11	Biomechanical description of speed characteristics			Lectures		0.25	auditorium
12	Biomechanical description of endurance			Lectures		0.25	auditorium
				Classes		0.25	auditorium
13	Biomechanical description of flexibility			Classes		0.25	auditorium
14	Non-locomotor movements. Balance			Classes		0.25	auditorium
15	Biodynamics of static and dynamic posture			Classes		0.25	auditorium
16	Biomechanical foundations of locomotion			Classes		0.25	auditorium
17	Biomechanics of walking and running. Bioenergy of motion			Lectures		0.50	other
18	Walking, running and human health			Classes		0.50	auditorium
19	Biomechanics of water sports			Classes		0.25	auditorium
20	Biomechanics of winter sports			Classes		0.25	auditorium
21	Biomechanics of jumps			Classes		0.25	auditorium
22	Biomechanics of locomotor movements			Classes		0.75	auditorium
23	Biomechanics of rotational movements			Classes		0.25	auditorium
24	Manual actions. Arm and hand biomechanics			Classes		0.25	auditorium
25	Biomechanics of lower limbs. Actions with legs			Classes		0.25	auditorium
26	Biomechanics of “sitting” posture			Classes		0.25	auditorium
27	Biomechanics of “standing“ (vertical) posture			Classes		0.25	auditorium
Assessment
Unaided Work:
Using lecture materials and various other sources of information, students perform independent work and present at seminars on: 1) techniques of mechanical analysis of movements, kinematics and dynamics of movements; 2) biomechanics of the human musculoskeletal system, biodynamics of muscle contractions; 3) biomechanics of physical characteristics; 4) biomechanical conditions for the selection and execution of physical exercises; 5) individual and group characteristics of human motor skills; 6) fundamentals of biomechanics of ergonomics. The final examination is written, including questions about all parts of the content of the study course, presentation and defence of independent work materials.
Assessment Criteria:
The final assessment of the study course is determined by the average assessment of the interim examinations and the final examination. Interim examinations (S) – seminar, (Iw) – written independent work prepared for assessment and defence). The total assessment is summative. 1. Independent learning: fundamentals of mechanics, development of an example of kinematic and dynamic analysis of movements, (Iw) – 5% 2. Independent learning: biomechanics of the musculoskeletal system, biodynamics of muscle contractions, mechanical conditions of muscle function, (S) – 10% 3. Independent learning: biomechanical foundations of strength, speed, endurance, flexibility, (S) – 5% 4. Independent learning: developing and defending the biomechanical justification of the selected physical exercise (Iw) – 5% 5. Independent learning: fundamentals of differential biomechanics, age of human movement, selection of sport, peculiarities of female and male motor skills, (S) – 5% 6. Independent learning: movement bioenergy, walking, running, physical activities, human health, (S) – 5% 7. Presentation and defence of independent work materials, (Iw, S) – 25%. 8. Written final examination – exam – 40%.
Final Examination (Full-Time):		Exam
Final Examination (Part-Time):		Exam
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge:		In the study course, students obtain knowledge about: 1. Structure and functions of the biomechanical systems 2. Human motor activity as a physical and biological process 3. Motor activity as a system of movements, systemic-structural approach in movement analysis 4. Classical mechanics adapted for the analysis human motion 5. Biomechanical aspects of the process of forming and controlling motor activity 6. Didactic principles for learning motor activities 7. Biomechanical techniques for evaluating the level of mastering motor activities 8. Mechanical properties of biological tissues and materials 9. Biomechanical models of muscles, biodynamics of muscle contraction 10. Mechanical conditions for muscle activity 11. Methods for the acquisition and analysis of biomechanical parameters of motion 12. Kinematics, dynamics and energy of human movements 13. Methods for assessing and improving person’s physical characteristics 14. Causes of injuries and prevention measures in sports training 15. Individual and group characteristics of technical skills in sport 16. Posture assessment methods and prevention measures 17. Mechanics and biomechanics of locomotion, movement 18. Dependence of human motor skills on body composition indicators 19. Role of anatomical and physiological maturation in the ontogenesis of human motor skills.
Skills:		20. To perform mechanical and biomechanical analysis of human movements, physical exercises 21. To choose physical exercises to improve human fitness or health, justify this choice 22. To justify the conditions doing physical exercises depending on age, gender, physical fitness 23. To evaluate the effects of physical exercises on the human body and its functions, the muscle system 24. To choose physical exercises and justify this choice for developing the strength characteristics of different muscle groups 25. To assess the probability of injuries after physical exercises, explain the causes of injuries and prevention measures 26. To assess the level of physical fitness of a person, justify the peculiarities of using physical exercises for people of different ages, gender and level of training 27. To assess human posture, take measures to improve static and dynamic posture 28. To assess human balancing capacity, take measures to improve balance.
Competencies:		29. To understand and explain mechanical and biological processes in living systems 30. To perform mechanical and biomechanical analysis of movements 31. To determine the impact of physical exercises on the musculoskeletal system 32. Knowing the mechanical and biomechanical properties of biological materials and tissues is able to assess the probability of injuries after physical exercises 33. To justify biomechanical conditions for the selection and performance of physical exercises considering the age, gender and physical fitness of the person 34. To evaluate muscle contraction regimes when performing various physical exercises 35. To explain and discuss movement control issues, assess age of human movement, individualise the choice of physical exercises 36. Knowing the general principles of human motor skills is able to coordinate the choice of physical exercises with critical periods of development of motor skills 37. To justify the choice of physical exercises and performance conditions for improving strength, speed, endurance and other physical characteristics 38. To link the theory learned to practice of motion analysis, physical improvement and prevention of health disorders in people 39. To analytically assess and discuss matters related to human age, gender, health, physical fitness and movement execution techniques based on knowledge of sports biomechanics 40. To use the theory and skills acquired to address professional issues related to sport.
Bibliography
No.	Reference
Required Reading
1	Lanka J. Biomehānika. Rīga: 1995. – 135 lpp. (akceptējams izdevums)
2	Lanka J. Fizisko īpašību biomehānika. Rīga: 1997. – 107 lpp. (akceptējams izdevums)
3	Lanka J. Fizisko īpašību biomehānika. Rīga: 2005. – 102. lpp. (akceptējams izdevums)
4	J. Lanka. Sitienu un metienu biomehānika. Apgāds “Jumava”, 2020. 270 lpp.
5	Zatsiorsky, V. Biomechanics in Sports. Blackwell Science. 2000. 666 p. (akceptējams izdevums)
6	Ārvalstu studentiem/For international students:
7	Zatsiorsky, V. Biomechanics in Sports. Blackwell Science. 2000. 666 p. (akceptējams izdevums)
Additional Reading
1	Abertny B., Kippers V., Mackinnon L. et al. The Biophysical Foundation of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2013. 425 p.
2	Bartlett R. Introduction to Sports Biomechanics. Spon Press, London, 2002. 285 p.
3	P.M. Ginnis Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise. 4th ed. Human Kinetics, Champaign IL, 2020. 410 p.
4	J. Watkins. Structure and Function of the Musculosceletal System. Human Kinetics, Champaign IL., 1999. 368 p.
5	J. Lanka. Augstlēkšanas biomehānika. Rīga, 1998. 72 lpp.
6	J. Lanka. Lodes grūšanas biomehānika. Rīga, 1998. 52 lpp.
7	Ārvalstu studentiem/For international students:
8	Abertny B., Kippers V., Mackinnon L. et al. The Biophysical Foundation of Human Movement. 3rd ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2013. 425 p.
9	Bartlett R. Introduction to Sports Biomechanics. Spon Press, London, 2002. 285 p.
10	P.M. Ginnis Biomechanics of Sport and Exercise. 4th ed. Human Kinetics, Champaign IL, 2020. 410 p.
Other Information Sources
1	LSPA Tālmācības materiāli/LSPA Distance learning materials
2	Prezentācijas/Presentations
3	Interneta materiāli/Internet materials