Fundamentals of Cariology

Study Course Description

Course Description Statuss:Approved

Course Description Version:3.00

Study Course Accepted:07.06.2024 15:56:54

Study Course Information
Course Code:		ZTMVK_076		LQF level:		Level 7
Credit Points:		2.00		ECTS:		3.00
Branch of Science:		Clinical Medicine; Oral Medicine		Target Audience:		Biology; Dentistry; Nursing Science; Public Health; Medical Technologies; Medical Services; Medicine; Health Management
Study Course Supervisor
Course Supervisor:		Ilze Maldupa
Study Course Implementer
Structural Unit:		Department of Conservative Dentistry and Oral Health
The Head of Structural Unit:
Contacts:		Riga, Dzirciema street 20, tskrsu[pnkts]lv, +371 67455560
Study Course Planning
Full-Time - Semester No.1
Lectures (count)		10	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		20
Classes (count)		10	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		20
Total Contact Hours								40
Part-Time - Semester No.1
Lectures (count)		10	Lecture Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Lectures		20
Classes (count)		10	Class Length (academic hours)		2	Total Contact Hours of Classes		20
Total Contact Hours								40
Study course description
Preliminary Knowledge:
Biology, microbiology, chemistry, biochemistry, anatomy, histology, embryology, dental anatomy.
Objective:
To provide knowledge about the aetiology of caries and the role of various factors in the development of caries from enamel demineralisation to dentin caries. To provide knowledge and develop skills in caries diagnosis and assessment of carious lesions, to develop skills in patient examination and completion of the patient's outpatient record.
Topic Layout (Full-Time)
No.	Topic			Type of Implementation		Number	Venue
1	History and terminology in preventive dentistry.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
2	The role of diet in oral health.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
3	The role of biofilm in oral health.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
4	The role of saliva in oral health.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
5	Fluoride action and use in caries prevention and treatment.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
6	Tooth brushing principles - techniques, toothpastes and other home-use fluoride products.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
7	Caries risk assessment.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
8	Caries diagnostics and detection of carious lesions.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
9	Professionally applied fluorides.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
10	Early, noninvasive and minimally invasive caries treatment.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
11	The role of diet in oral health.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
12	The role of biofilm in oral health.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
13	The role of saliva in oral health.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
14	Enamel demineralisation and remineralisation processes, beginning of carious lesion development; other mechanisms of tooth tissue loss (erosions, abrasions).			Classes		1.00	auditorium
15	Caries risk assessment, caries diagnostics - methods, practice.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
16	Caries diagnostics and detection of carious lesions.			Classes		1.00	clinical base
17	Completion of the patient's medical record to (including) caries risk assessment.			Classes		4.00	clinical base
Topic Layout (Part-Time)
No.	Topic			Type of Implementation		Number	Venue
1	History and terminology in preventive dentistry.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
2	The role of diet in oral health.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
3	The role of biofilm in oral health.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
4	The role of saliva in oral health.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
5	Fluoride action and use in caries prevention and treatment.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
6	Tooth brushing principles - techniques, toothpastes and other home-use fluoride products.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
7	Caries risk assessment.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
8	Caries diagnostics and detection of carious lesions.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
9	Professionally applied fluorides.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
10	Early, noninvasive and minimally invasive caries treatment.			Lectures		1.00	auditorium
11	The role of diet in oral health.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
12	The role of biofilm in oral health.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
13	The role of saliva in oral health.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
14	Enamel demineralisation and remineralisation processes, beginning of carious lesion development; other mechanisms of tooth tissue loss (erosions, abrasions).			Classes		1.00	auditorium
15	Caries risk assessment, caries diagnostics - methods, practice.			Classes		1.00	auditorium
16	Caries diagnostics and detection of carious lesions.			Classes		1.00	clinical base
17	Completion of the patient's medical record to (including) caries risk assessment.			Classes		4.00	clinical base
Assessment
Unaided Work:
In-depths research; working in groups; preparation of presentations.
Assessment Criteria:
30% assignment about dental care products + 30% attendance of practical classes + 40% average grade of practical classes.
Final Examination (Full-Time):		Exam
Final Examination (Part-Time):		Exam
Learning Outcomes
Knowledge:		After successfully completing the course, the student will know: The role of oral biofilms, diet and nutrition, saliva and other host factors, fluoride and behavioural/social factors related to caries and other dental hard tissue disorders. Biochemical events in the biofilm, in saliva and in dental hard tissues. Acid and base production, buffering properties and the effects of saturation in saliva and biofilm. The role of environmental factors, drugs and systemic diseases related to caries and other dental hard tissue disorders. The physical and biological basis of changes in dental hard tissues as related to the detection and assessment of caries. The principles of caries risk assessment. The principles of evaluating the performance of diagnostic methods as applied to caries and other dental hard tissue disorders. Judging emerging information on risk factors and indicators, methods for the detection, assessment and diagnosis of caries and other dental hard tissue disorders.
Skills:		Describe and discuss the mechanisms and dynamic processes involved in maintaining a state of health, as well as the host response in caries at the macroscopic, microscopic and molecular levels. Obtain data by selecting the appropriate risk factors/indicators if/when applicable from: patient’s histories comprising medical, oral, dental, social and economic aspects; oral health behaviours by taking into account oral hygiene, knowledge, preferences and self-efficacy, dietary habits and intraoral biological factors; caries experience; fluoride use; and systemic health; and considering new validated risk factors, as new evidence emerges. Recognise abnormal tooth tissue and differentiate between carious and non-carious hard tissue changes or anomalies. Collect and record data on the presence of different stages of the caries process (signs) and symptoms related to dental caries. Assess activity status for different stages of the caries process. Understand the benefits of practising in an evidence-based manner at both individual and public health levels.
Competencies:		Competent at applying knowledge and understanding of the aetiology and development of caries to recognise caries, perform caries diagnosis through collecting, analysing and integrating data on caries risk factors, signs and symptoms of dental caries and assess the stage and activity status of a lesion on a tooth surface to arrive at an identification of past or present occurrence of the disease caries or whether there is a risk of developing caries.
Bibliography
No.	Reference
Required Reading
1	Kühnisch, J., Aps, J. K., Splieth, C., Lussi, A., Jablonski-Momeni, A., Mendes, F. M., Schmalz, G., Fontana, M., Banerjee, A., Ricketts, D., Schwendicke, F., Douglas, G., Campus, G., van der Veen, M., Opdam, N., Doméjean, S., Martignon, S., Neuhaus, K. W., Horner, K., & Huysmans, M.-C. D. (2024). ORCA-EFCD consensus report on clinical recommendation for caries diagnosis. Paper I: caries lesion detection and depth assessment. Clinical Oral Investigations, 28(4), 227.
2	Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd E. Dental Caries: The Disease and its Clinical Management, 3rd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.
3	Goldberg M. Understanding Dental Caries – from Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy. Springer, 2016.
4	Maldupa I, Uribe S, Brinkmane A, Senakola E, Krūmiņa K. Fluorīdu lietošanas vadlīnijas Latvijā, 2014.
5	Marsh PD, Head DA, Devine DA. Ecological approaches to oral biofilms: control without killing. Caries Res. 2015; 49 Suppl 1:46-54.
6	Wright et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants. 2016:147(8):672-682.
7	Sheiham A, James WP. Diet and Dental Caries: The Pivotal Role of Free Sugars Reemphasized. J Dent Res. 2015 Oct;94(10):1341-7.
8	Gomez A, Espinoza JL, Harkins DM, Leong P, Saffery R, Bockmann M, et.al. Host Genetic Control of the Oral Microbiome in Health and Disease. Cell Ho
9	Marsh PD, Head DA, Devine DA. Ecological approaches to oral biofilms: control without killing. Caries Res. 2015; 49 Suppl 1:46-54.
10	Simón-Soro A, Mira A. Solving the etiology of dental caries. Trends Microbiol. 2015, Feb; 23(2):76-82.
11	Takahashi N. Oral Microbiome Metabolism From “Who Are They?” to “What Are They Doing?” J Dent Res. 2015; 94(12):1628–37.
12	Fejerskov O, Nyvad B, Kidd E. Dental Caries: The Disease and its Clinical Management, 3rd Edition. Wiley-Blackwell, 2015.
13	Goldberg M. Understanding Dental Caries – from Pathogenesis to Prevention and Therapy. Springer, 2016.
14	Wright et al. Evidence-based clinical practice guideline for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants. 2016:147(8):672-682.
15	Conrads, G. and About, I. (2018) ‘Pathophysiology of Dental Caries’, Monographs in oral science, 27, pp. 1–10.
16	Neuhaus, K.W. and Lussi, A. (2018) ‘Carious Lesion Diagnosis: Methods, Problems, Thresholds’, Monographs in oral science, 27, pp. 24–31.
Additional Reading
1	Senneby A, Mejàre I, Sahlin NE, Svensäter G, Rohlin M. Diagnostic accuracy of different caries risk assessment methods. A systematic review. J Dent. 2015 Dec;43(12):1385-93.
2	Guerrieri A, Gaucher C, Bonte E, Lasfargues JJ. Minimal intervention dentistry: part 4. Detection and diagnosis of initial caries lesions. BDJ 2012;213(11):551–7.
3	Gimenez T, Piovesan C, Braga MM, Raggio DP, Deery C, Ricketts DN, et al. Visual Inspection for Caries Detection A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Dent Res. 2015 Jul;94(7):895-904.
4	Rugg-Gunn A. Dental caries: Strategies to control this preventable disease. Acta Med Acad. 2013 Nov;42(2):117-30.
5	Silva N, Abusleme L, Bravo D, Dutzan N, Garcia-Sesnich J, Vernal R, Hernández M, Gamonal J. Host response mechanisms in periodontal diseases. J Appl Oral Sci. 2015 May-Jun;23(3):329-55.
6	Fontana M, Young DA, Wolff MS, Pitts NB, Longbottom C. Defining dental caries for 2010 and beyond. Dent Clin North Am. 2010 Jul;54(3):423-40.
7	Edwina A. M. Kidd. Essentials of Dental Caries: The Disease and its Management (Kidd, Essentials of Dental Caries). Oxford University Press, 2016
8	Kay E.J., Levine R. S., Stillman-Lowe C. A guide to Prevention in Dentistry: Including the Scientific Basis of Oral Health Education. British Dental Journal, 2004
9	Pitts N. “Detection, Assessment, Diagnosis and Monitoring of Caries” Karger, 2009
10	Al-Yaseen, W., Raggio, D. P., Araujo, M., & Innes, N. (2024). “I Just Wanted a Dentist in My Phone”-Designing Evidence-Based mHealth Prototype to Improve Preschool Children’s Oral and Dental Health: Multimethod Study of the Codevelopment of an App for Children's Teeth. JMIR Formative Research, 8, e49561.
11	Tassery, H., Miletic, I., Turkun, L. S., Sauro, S., Gurgan, S., Banerjee, A., Basso, M., Khelafia, S., Terrer, E., Pilliol, V., & Slimani, A. (2024). Preventive management of carious lesions: from non-invasive to micro-invasive operative interventions. British Dental Journal, 236(8), 603–610.
Other Information Sources
1	RSU bibliotēkas abonētās datu bāzes (Cochrane Library, Science Direct, SAGE, ProQuest, OVID, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, Dyna Med)
2	https://www.icdas.org/
3	https://www.mah.se/fakulteter-och-omraden/Odontologiska-fak…
4	http://www.ada.org/en/
5	http://www.aapd.org/
6	http://www.cdafoundation.org/education/cambra