Internal Diseases (isk_005)
About Study Course
Learning outcomes
The student must:
- know the diagnosis of the treated patients (according to the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-10)), reasons for diagnosis, differential diagnosis and motivation for treatment;
- know emergency measures (artificial lung ventilation, external heart massage, medication in life-threatening conditions);
- know emergency treatment for patients who have: angina pectoris, myocardial heart-attack, acute heart insufficiency, acute vascular insufficiency, heart arrhythmias, hypertensive crisis, intoxications (general principles), ketoacidotic coma, hypoglycaemic coma, bronchospastic syndrome, acute pneumonia, acute hepatic insufficiency, acute renal insufficiency (general principles), haemo and peritoneal dialysis, thrombemboly of pulmonary artery, anaphylactic shock, and cramps of various geneses.
Student must be able to interpret and analyse: blood clinical analyses (all the parameters and abbreviations); blood biochemical analyses (liver, kidneys functional indices); indices of inflammation, fractions of proteins, changes of electrolytes; glycaemia, basic hormonal indices; coagulation indices (APTL, prothrombine time, INR), blood flow time; the most common x-rays (lung, vertebral column, joints etc.); computer tomography, ultrasonoscopy; analyse electrocardiograms and other cardiovascular functional examinations (Velo-electrocardiogram, Holter’s monitoring, 24-hour measuring of arterial pressure) of patients being treated.
Student must participate in or give intravenous injections, to refill intravenous transfusion systems, change medicines, perform the catheterisation of urinary bladder; participate in the transfusion of erythrocyte mass or other blood components.
Students have to participate in the examination of newly-admitted patients and render first aid as well as participate in reanimation (while on duty); have to improve skills acquired during the 4th year placement (gastric intubation and lavage, catheterisation of the urinary bladder, oxygen inhalations, suction of oral and nasal mucus).
Students have to master: indications and techniques of blood and blood substitute transfusion; detection of blood groups and rules for blood transfusion; technique of local anaesthesia; preparation of patients for endoscopies (fibrogastroscopies, rectoscopies) and ultrasonographies, and participate in performing of these manipulations.
When possible, students must obtain skills in rendering first aid in cases of: snake bites, - animal bites, specific debridement of wounds, prevention of rabies; drowning; resuscitation of drowned persons.
- Evaluation of acquires symptoms, linking them with pathological processes in the patient's body.
- Interpret basic imaging (X-Ray, CT scans, US) data.
- Explain the necessity of instrumental examinations.
- Interpretation of the instrumental examinations findings at the most basic level.
- Be able to interpret auscultation findings, imaging data; be competent in modern treatment options of internal diseases.
- Be able to analyze situations, substantiate, logically formulate and explain their opinion.
- evaluate blood test and urine test results, to attribute to certain clinical case and general examination data;
- be able to assess cases, to argue, to make decision, to clarify opinion.
