Are future generations in Latvia at risk of potentially preventable brain development disorders due to iodine deficiency?

Are future generations in Latvia at risk of potentially preventable brain development disorders due to iodine deficiency? The answer to this question will be revealed during the defence of the doctoral thesis titled 'Iodine supply to pregnant women in Latvia' by Vija Veisa, a doctoral student at Rīga Stradiņš University (RSU) and an assistant in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. The thesis defence will take place on 5 November at the Hippocrates Lecture Theatre (RSU, 16 Dzirciema iela) and online.

Further information about the defence

Iodine is an essential micronutrient needed for the production of thyroid hormones. Its deficiency during pregnancy can lead to reduced thyroid hormone levels, affecting the developing foetus.

This disruption interferes with crucial processes of brain formation and development, resulting in slower mental and motor development, learning difficulties, and a reduction in intelligence quotient (IQ) by several points in later life.

Pregnant woman holding supplements. Photo: Shutterstock

Screening of several hundred pregnant women in Latvia

To assess whether iodine levels are sufficient among pregnant women in Latvia, urinary iodine measurements were conducted in 2013 on 696 pregnant women from various regions. The results revealed iodine deficiency during pregnancy, with the lowest levels observed in the first trimester, when foetal organs, including the brain, are developing.

Action and education on iodine use

In light of the findings, the importance of iodine supplementation during pregnancy has been emphasised among health professionals through published recommendations and educational events. Public awareness has also been raised via information materials for pregnant women and families, as well as interviews focused on pregnancy and healthy diets.

Follow-up urinary iodine measurements in 2018 indicated that while iodine intake has improved, it remains below adequate levels.

The study suggests that iodine intake during pregnancy can be enhanced by consuming fish and seafood, dairy products, and iodised salt. Additionally, a daily supplement of 150µg of iodine is recommended when planning a pregnancy, during pregnancy, and while breastfeeding.

Iodine deficiency affects the future of Latvia

Adequate iodine intake during pregnancy is crucial not only for individual health but also for the socio-economic growth of our nation. Lower IQ is linked to reduced learning ability and educational attainment, which can lead to lower income and overall well-being. Therefore, it is essential to prioritise iodine intake during pregnancy and make every effort to ensure it is adequate.

RSU dissertation catalogue